Lyme Disease Is An Issue - 1516 Words

Ticked Off: Lyme Disease is an Issue What is Lyme disease, and why is it important? Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease created by bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. â€Å"The infection is primarily transmitted by Ixodes ticks, also known as deer ticks, and on the West Coast, black-legged ticks† (Lymedisease.org). It’s hard to identify the ticks because of their tiny size, similar to a poppy seed. To make that exact the female adult deer tick is about 2.7 mm in length, and the male is smaller than that (tickencounter.org). The size makes it even more difficult to feel or find a bite from the tick. However, the consequences can be very serious, sometimes even fatal (cdc.gov). Lyme disease is a serious public health in the United States that is overlooked. â€Å"Lyme disease got its name from where it was first discovered in Lyme, Connecticut in 1975† (healthychildren.org). â€Å"Since then there has been thousands of cases reported of the disease. The ticks live in low and high seasonal temperatures and high humidity† (healthychildren.org). Lyme Disease most common to occur in the Northeast, North-central states, or West Coast. On behalf of the Northeast, I can tell you that ticks are everywhere in this region. They like to live in tall grasses and woody areas. â€Å"The small insects more than often latch onto the foot or lower leg and crawl up the body, and travel up the body with a destination of the head. On their normal hosts, ticks also usually crawl up; they want to blood feed around theShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Program Proposal On Lyme Disease Prevention1634 Words   |  7 PagesProposal on Lyme disease Prevention My health promotion program will focus on Lyme disease. My state-Maryland is number one in the list of top ten states for Lyme disease in United States. According to Physicians Now (2016), Although there were fewer cases of Lyme disease reported in 2012 than in previous years, the illness is still more common in Maryland than in many other states. There were 1,113 confirmed cases and 538 suspected cases in 2012, according to the Centers for Disease Control andRead MoreThe Canadian Lyme Disease Prevention1663 Words   |  7 PagesIn Canada, there are too many â€Å"false- negative† results, according to Jim Wilson, President of the Canadian Lyme disease Foundation and this standpoint is also recognized by Health Canada. (Magnotta, 2015). The human body takes several weeks for humans to create antibodies at detectable levels. This limits the detection of the various genotypes of the borrelia bacteria, from the procedures used, which in effect, is allowing late stage serology to occur. According to Dr. Ralph Hawkins, who is a GeneralRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1485 Words   |  6 Pagesspreading to become the most common vector-borne disease that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This â€Å"hidden pandemic†, known as Lyme disease, is silently infecting hundreds of thousands of United States citizens each year, and numbers of new and untreated infections continue to climb as traditional treatments fail and doctors misdiagnose the condition. Spread by tick bites, Lyme disease has affected many lives and continues to infect countlessRead MoreLyme Disease : A Chronic Medical Mystery1429 Words   |  6 PagesLyme Disease: A chronic medical mystery Introduction One of the most common Tick communicable diseases plaguing the United States today is a human transferable infection called Lyme disease, which is spread by Deer Ticks Ixodes scapularis, they are small arthropods often found in wooded areas of eastern United states (Orkin.com â€Å"Deer ticks† accessed may 8 2016); transmission of the infection occurs when an contaminated deerRead MoreLyme Disease Is The Most Common Tick Borne Illness1713 Words   |  7 PagesHistory Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the world. This disease has been reported in all 50 states, mainly the New England states (Khatchikian, 2015). Lyme disease has also been reported in China, parts of the Soviet Union, Europe, Japan, and Australia. In 1957, a group of children and adults in the Lyme, Connecticut area, and surrounding areas had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (Shiel, William C). Dr. Allen Steere began researching to solve this problem. SteereRead MoreThe Effects Of Lyme Disease On The Geographical Distribution And Transmission Of The Disease1146 Words   |  5 PagesCenter of Disease Control and Prevention show that there are approximately 300,000 cases of Lyme Disease reported in the United States annually (CDC, 2016). The above data categorizes Lyme Disease as the number one animal carried and vector-borne disease. Vector is a term used to describe a living organism able to carry and spread an infectious disease from either animal to human or human to human (WHO, 2016). Surprisingly, it was not until 1982 that the CDC placed Lyme as an official disease categoryRead MoreDefinition Of Casual Agent And Epidemiology1141 Words   |  5 PagesCenter of Disease Control and Prevention show that there are approximately 30,000 cases of Lyme Disease reported in the United States annually (CDC, 2015). The above data categorizes Lyme Disease as the number one animal carried and vector-borne disease. Vector is a term used to describe a living organism able to carry and spread an infectious disease from either animal to human or human to human (WHO, 2016). Surprisingly, it was not until 1982 that the CDC placed Lyme as an official disease categoryRead MorePrevention Of Lyme Disease Vaccine1575 Words   |  7 PagesPrevention Lyme disease has existed on the planet for thousands of years. The best way to prevent Lyme disease is by covering up, use insect repellents, clear yard of brush and leaves, check yourself and children for ticks, don’t assume you’re immune; you can get Lyme disease more than once, and remove ticks with tweezers as soon as possible. [1] According to the CDC the Lyme disease vaccine’s production was discontinued by it’s manufacturer in 2002. The manufacturer cited an insufficient consumerRead MoreA Brief History Of Lyme Disease1232 Words   |  5 PagesCenter of Disease Control and Prevention show that there are approximately 30,000 of Lyme Disease being reported in the United States annually (CDC, 2015). The above statistic categorizes Lyme Disease as the number one animal carried and vector-borne disease. Vector is a term used to describe a living organism which is able to carry and spread an infectious disease from either animal to human or human to hum an. (WHO, 2016). Not many may know that it was not until 1982 that the Centers for Disease ControlRead MoreA Study On Lyme Disease1118 Words   |  5 Pages Lyme disease is most commonly transmitted to humans by black legged deer ticks that carry a spirochete called Borrelia burgdorferi (Kruger, p. 23, 2010). Spirochete are a type of bacteria which have surrounding filaments attached to their cell walls that help propel it through aqueous environments (Porth, p.302, 2015). Deer ticks can only pass it on if they have fed from an infected host such as small mammals, like mice and squirrels, however, when the tick matures into adult, it prefers the white

An Alternative Dispute Resolution ( Adr ) Method - 1877 Words

Increased use of mediation on workplace conflicts as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) method leads to researches into efficacy of this method in different sectors. While many professional and practical research works conducted by professional bodies, there is paucity of academic works (Bollen and Euwema, 2013). With this specification of the area, Bennett’s research on the workplace mediation efficacy for higher education (HE) sector is regarded as a contribution to academic knowledge base. Bennett researches into workplace mediation process as an alternative dispute resolution method for higher education (HE) sector. Characteristics of mediation process at HE sector and reasons for conflicts were argued based on the reports of the†¦show more content†¦Regardless of increasing interest on workplace mediation, there are limited number of research works for last two decades (Bollen and Euwema, 2013). Bennett used a number of professional sources for his research including works from ACAS and CIPD. The positive sides of this references are 1) considering professional specifications of the area, 2) reviewing the current practical applications and procedures of mediation and 3) making sense of challenges of workplace conflicts and mediation for employers and employees. Moreover, workplace mediation with its all detailed aspects and factors, also it role for as a guarantee for organizational climate and justice is not examined (Nesbit et al, 2012). Thus, literature review in the paper provides accurately information about previous research on the topic. The research was conducted under qualitative research methodology and the main method used was individual interview. All interviews were held with 36 representatives from 16 universities in the North England and 4 senior managers from UK’s largest mediation services providers. In addition to mediators and mediation co-ordinators, HR staff, training and development staff and equality and diversity staff from some universities was involved to the research according to their role in mediation process. Interview is one the most used method to research into workplace conflicts and workplace mediation, since it is seen from many previous research papers including the papers on the

Child Development Developmental Theorists Essay Free Essays

Developmental Theorist, like Pigged, Goldberg, and Freud, n tot only grant parents the opportunity to be the finest parent they could be, their theories al low caretakers to analyze the benefits and consequences of using diverse methods. Living from 1856 to 1 939, Sigmund Freud became the building block in which other developmental theorists came to follow. Producing an idea that the unconscious us mind is the source of motivations, just like an iceberg, he theorized how the three structure oral components of he id, ego, and superego occur within the mind at different stages. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Development Developmental Theorists Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The id, pr sent at birth, directs the need for gratification and tries to fulfill what is placekicking. The e ego is formed with day to day reality, predicting the probable outcomes of behavioral choice s. Lastly, the superego creates the internal interpretation of the rules and values of the envy reorient. In my cousin, who is currently five years old, the id and ego are evident. When she w as younger, she ate handful after handful of candy. As her fourth year dawned, she realized the at if she ate too Unguent 2 much candy, she would get in trouble by her parents. Nonetheless, popular AR segments are shown contradict Fraud’s beliefs, like when, Simply Psychology stated that the reason s of â€Å"Fraud’s theory is unfeasible it can neither be proved true or refuted. For example, t he unconscious mind is difficult to test and measure objectively. Overall, Fraud’s theory is high holy unscientific† (McLeod). Many also see that Sigmund ignored crucial details that did not fit h is ideas. Although several rebuked his view, Sigmund Freud has a line of supporters. He attracted d so many lowers that the Vienna psychoanalytic Society was established in 1908. I dir exactly believe that Freud shaped the the thinking of child development as we know it. Day to day examples prove that Fraud’s theory holds true. Daily lives are transformed in new pathways as a child grows older. Not only did Freud develop a basic structural model of child developed NT, he allowed Pigged to build off of his theory. Born in 1896 and living until 1980, psychologist Jean Piglet’s interest was base d on the reasons a child gave wrong answers on questions that involved logical thinking , comparing and contrasting the mind of the adult and the child. From there, he developed the cognitive development theory. According to Cosmologically. Com, Pigged concluded t hat â€Å"children are born with a very basic mental structure (genetically inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based† (McLeod). He also came to the conclusion that two processes are essential for development, assimilation and accommodation. A assimilation is learning to understand events or objects based on existing structure. Com imitation means the expansion Of understanding as new information gets absorbed. With different stages, the child develops into an adult. The stages are comprised of seniority (birth to two o years), operational (two to seven years), concrete operational (seven to eleven ye ears), and formal Unguent 3 operations (eleven years and beyond) (McLeod). The game peek-a-boo is a type cal example of Piglets concept. The child has no clue that a person’s face is hiding behind the e hands and acts genuinely surprised every time that person’s face is revealed. This is the sense rainstorm stage. As the child grows, the child realized that he or she has â€Å"the ability to coordinate his motor activities to solve this problem. Eventually he will use his hands to move yours in an beef rot to expose your face, but until that time a lack of object permanence makes peek-a-boo fun† (â€Å"P gadget†). Even though Pigged came up with a very influential theory, some researchers dispel eve of Piglet’s theory. They believe that he failed to â€Å"consider the effect that the social setting g and culture may have on cognitive development† (McLeod). In addition, according to Simply As ecology, â€Å"others have queried the age ranges of the stages. Some studies have shown that pro egress to the formal operational stage is not guaranteed† (McLeod). Many others have strong pop session to Pigged for other various reasons. However, Pigged did not have all criticism to his theory. In education, teachers are able to communicate and understand chi lilied. Researchers count nine to expand upon Piglet’s ideas to increase knowledge on cognitive development. Personally, I a Greer with Piglet’s approach to parenting because it allows adults to grasp how a child grows up ND have prime communication with their children. Hence, Pigged developed the Cognitive De velveteen Theory in how a child’s mind evolves, but Viscosity took a different approach to parent ting. As a Russian psychologist, Level Viscosity lived from 1896 to 1934, building the concept of the Coloratura Theory. The Socio Trial Theory is based off the way a chi lid’s learning patterns morph, as a result of the interaction between children and their socio al environment. By scaffolding or assistance in a child’s learning, â€Å"the child does not simply acacia re new knowledge but actually makes progress in his or her development† (â€Å"Viscosity In addition, he Unguent 4 believed that mental tools extend a child’s ability to solve problems and create e solutions in the modern world. For instance, pretending to be a chef in the real world is a Quinn distances of a child trying to imitate their parents, extending their knowledge and progressing the IR creativity. Opposition to Level Bigotry’s view consists of his belief that it applies to all CUL turns. To illustrate this, Oregon, who lived in 1 990, â€Å"dismisses the idea that Bigotry’s id as are culturally universal and instead states the concept of scaffolding which is heavily depend dent on verbal instruction may not be equally useful in all cultures for all types of learning† ( McLeod). Or contradict this, many classroom teachers have used scaffolding as both teach err and student collaborate in practicing summarizing, questioning, paraphrasing, and predict inning. As the student becomes more advanced, the teacher’s role lessens over time (McLeod). I affair m this theorists because he offered a new outlook on how parenting should be done. Children n need guidance to earn, not hel icopter parents that are trying to constantly make their kids beet err directly. Level Viscosity is an exemplar of an approach to parenting that has become extreme Ely influential to society. Through their diverse methods, developmental theorists have created an aid to how a parent should raise child. Basically, I have learned that theorists have category zed the levels of development and other theorists expand beyond their ideas. Throughout my research, grasped that though different theorists have approaches, they all lead back to one thin g: a parent gives the hill all they learn and the way they develop. How to cite Child Development Developmental Theorists Essay, Essays

Reflecting on My Professional Development Plan

Question: Describe about the Reflecting on My Professional Development Plan. Answer: Introduction In this world with cut throat competition, we can really sense that how difficult and different has been the ways to manage organizational change (Buchanan, 2011). To manage the change on the organizational environment these days has become quite crucial to attain greater sustainability in this volatile world in this globalized market. This study attempts to identify the likely drivers for change in the Higher Colleges of Technology over the next 3-5 years. Also considering the opportunity and threat related to them. Even considering the stakeholders and main areas of change and the skill set needed by the current researcher to meet higher career objectives and organizational goals (Whelan-Berry and Somerville, 2010). Drivers for change in my own employment environment over the next 3-5 years with the type of opportunity and threat they can be. In the next 3- 5 years, in the space of Higher Colleges of Technology, the main change drivers will be mostly the following: If there is a proper replacement of all the systems, thus upgrading the technology and ease, this can ensure a great amount of innovativeness. In a big college, the time for replacement will be long and thus to upgrade to higher technology and systems, a change factor in next 3 years can be that of new systems being used by upcoming batches of students which even increases the attractiveness for them. (Gilbert, Eyring and Foster, 2012) The opportunity is this case is more number of applications because the high technology point can be sold as an advantage for the prospective students coming to the campus. Another driver for negative sort of change can be the possible attrition amongst. If there is a replacement of some existing teachers or employees, then it can directly link to the demotivation in the other colleagues and even can prove to be threat for the colleges. On the other hand, the replacement of some existing employees could generate de-motivation within the current faculty group, thereby reducing the quality of the educational services. It could be a potential threat for the Higher Colleges of Technology. Areas of the organizations operating practice where the most significant changes will be required and the main stakeholders whose views will need to be taken into account during the process of change. The organization needs a lot of changes in many operational areas which can actually be beneficial. Some areas are as follows: Scenario planning is quite needed in order to work with the upgraded technology and the need of professional development in students is needed thus more focus towards it. With the improvement in critical thinking process as one of the significant change- this will help to design and implement the response along with the business portfolio. Giving staff a chance to share their personal view will help these colleges have a great academic perspective. Change management process can be a very big change which will help the organization to perform better. The main point will be developing staff and student resistance towards the change like in processes, technology- so that they dont leave the organization till the time after effects of changes are seen. Stakeholders who should be considered while these processes should be: the students, teachers, educational counsels and other bodies. Moreover these all will be the affected bodies- thus their views should be taken in account. The core skills required of the change agent and the current skills present. The management will be the main body who will be entrusted with the main responsibility for the change. Thus the fundamental skills which will be needed: Scenario planning and more professional development Critical thinking process for the business portfolio of the organization Logical Thinking for the upcoming change and repercussions Ability to foresee possible results The present skills which are there is the scenario planning. The scenario planning has been started which lays down a plan to replace existing technology with highly enable Information Communication Technology.(Konno, Nonaka, and Ogilvy, 2014) Moreover even the consequences can be seen by the organization. But the Logical Thinking and the proper time management is something the organization needs to look at. The time management is quite needed in order to make sure that the change is brought fast. Else the student will not be able to cope up. Things will be done in 3-5 year period to remedy any perceived shortcomings in my current skills profile. The things which will be done in 3- 5 years to remedy any shortcomings are as follows: No disturbances from the internal environment: With the existing skills, will make sure that the proper plan to enable the college with good technology is nicely implemented and no internal element is able to disturb this process. Retaining Employees: The employees will be given some perks in order to help in this change. This will even act as a retaining policy and employees will be completely engaged. Brochures: The brochures of colleges will be having all the new changes which we wish to have and the kind of technology which the students will be exposed to for world class education and learning experience. Conclusion To conclude this study above, we can say its very important to know that what are main change drivers which can help our organization to grow and prosper in the changing and volatile environment. Also the awareness of the skill set of the organization is quite needed because those will be the main channels with which we can bring about quick and needed change. References Buchanan, D.A. 2011 Good practice, not rocket science understanding failures to change after extreme events, Journal of Change Management, 11 (3), pp.273-288 Gilbert, C., Eyring, M. and Foster, R.N. 2012 Two routes to resilience, Harvard Business Review, 90 (20), pp.66-73 Konno, N., Nonaka, I. and Ogilvy, J. 2014 Scenario planning: the basics, World Futures, 70 (1), pp.28-43 Whelan-Berry, K.S. and Somerville, K.A. 2010 Linking change drivers and the organizational change process a review and synthesis, Journal of Change Management, 10 (2), pp.175-193

ATOM PRIOR TO 1900 essays

ATOM PRIOR TO 1900 essays In the 5th cent. B.C. the Greek philosophers Democritus and Leucippus proposed that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles they called atom, or in Greek "a-tomos". The reason why they assumed this is because nothing can come from nothing. Democritus believed that all atoms were firm and solid, but they could not all be the same. If all atoms were identical, there would be no satisfactory explanation of how they could combine to form everything in different shapes. Democritus concluded atom with these ideal qualities: invisible because of their extremely small size indivisible as their name indicates eternal because they are perfect surrounded by an empty space (to explain their movement and changes in density) having an infinite number of shapes (to explain the diversity observed in nature) Around 1803, John Dalton (1766-1844) developed the first useful atomic theory of matter. In the course of his studies on meteorology, Dalton concluded that evaporated water exists in air as an independent gas. Solid bodies can't occupy the same space at the same time, but obviously water and air could. Dalton reasoned that if the water and air were composed of discrete particles, evaporation might be viewed as a mixing of water particles with air particles. He performed a series of experiments on mixtures of gases to determine what effect properties of the individual gases had on the properties of the mixture as a whole. While trying to explain the results of those experiments, Dalton developed the hypothesis that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different. In 1808 Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy was published. In this book he listed the atomic weights of a number of known elements relative to the weight of hydrogen. His weights were not ent irely accurate but they form the ba ...

Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Essay Example

Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Essay Example Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Paper Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Paper DOUGLAS MCGREGOR FLOW PROFILE WHY NOW ? .. WORKS INTRO HIS STUDY THEORY-X THEORY-Y CONCLUSION RELEVANCE APPLICATIONS PROFILE-DOUGLAS MC GREGOR (1906-1964) He graduated Wayne State University PHD in Experimental Psychology(Harvard) He was Born Published his Theory of X Y in the book â€Å"Human Side of Enterprise† Death 1906 1932 1935 1960 1964 HIS WORKS Douglas Mc Gregor is one of the forefathers of contemporary management thinking over 50 years ago he began investigating the importance of people to business. In order to thrive an organization needs to harness the intelligence, enthusiasm and commitment of all the employees. He has worked extensively in this field and contributed through some of his works such as: 1. Human Side Of Enterprise 2. Leadership and Motivation 3. The Professional Manager (Posthumous Publication) This book had an profound influence on management practices then. In it he basically: a)Challenged the prevailing belief that workers are inherently lazy b)He formulated two models, Theory X and Theory Y, based on his examination of the way people behave at workplace. It has changed an entire concept of Organizational man and replaced it with a new paradigm that stressed human potential and emphasized human growth. This book is perhaps the clearest statement of the managerial theory that is scientific in outlook and in approach , humanistic and democratic in spirit. The most effective and the most equitable course of leadership is to satisfy the higher needs of workers on all levels the needs of self respect, initiative and recognition of competence. This book attempts to bring the needs of the business executive and the contributions of the behavioral sciences in to an applicable focus. The problems in dealing with unions of government workers. Clarifies the legal and political considerations. McGregor argued that managers operate from their personal view of how employees function. He separated managers into two groups based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. He related Theory X managers to lower order needs in the hierarchy and Theory Y managers to higher order needs. THEORY-X (AUTHORITARIAN MANAGEMENT STYLE) Human beings have an inherent dislike for work and will try to avoid it . People must be coerced controlled threatened to get the work done the average human being prefers to be directed wishes to avoid responsibility. People have relatively little ambition, want security above all. Management have the right to command and enforce obedience THEORY Y -( Participative Management Style) Assumes that people want to work and nee d managers to facilitate their activity not to control it. Control and punishment are not the only ways to make people work . The average person will take responsibility under proper conditions. The need is for â€Å"LEADERSHIP† and not â€Å"management† . X theory Demands Never asks.!! Y theory More of a Leader..! Distasteful, will avoid work whenever possible. Not ambitious, no desire for responsibility. Value Job security Dislike work Close supervision required. Work is as natural as play if conditions are in favor. Average person accepts responsibility. Values creativity Seeks chances to be creative BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS By applying the Mc Gregor’s model in to business we can: Devise a better performance management system Form and supervise effective management teams Better staff line relationships, build co-operation Cultivate an intrinsically motivating, value driven workplace. Creates employee commitment . CONCLUSION The X-Y theories express only the extreme positions between which most employees may or may not fall in to real life . In Peter Duckers words â€Å"With every passing year McGregors message becomes ever more relevant, timelier and more important.

Establishing a Supermarket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Establishing a Supermarket - Essay Example As supermarkets buy the products on large scale, they will be able to sell the products at a much lower price than their smaller counter parts by passing the savings they incur by purchasing on a large scale. However, it is important to select a high profit location. The high profit in a supermarket depends on the turnover as the supermarket concentrates on buying and selling the products in large quantities. As per the afore-mentioned aspect, either Melbourne or Sydney is suitable for establishing a supermarket or chain of supermarket stores. The study on the market opportunities in the above two cities will make an entrepreneur to decide on the location. In Melbourne, various stores and services are available in different communities. Clothing stores, baby essentials, luggage world, animals and pets, automotive and mechanical, building and construction, computers and electrical, beauty and fashion, food, liquor, and big shopping sites that offer majority of above-mentioned articles are available community wise. It is necessary to attract the customers from different communities to the new supermarket or the establishment of supermarkets in different communities is necessary. In the first type of supermarket, the new entrant has to compete with large supermarkets like Coles, Westgrath and Woolworths. There are small supermarkets like Aldi in Melbourne that compete with pertinence, though having lesser number of products than Coles, Westgrath and Woolworths. If one wants to open a big supermarket, they have to display about 1, 00,000 products on a single store and it should be spacious and needs to attract customers who spend more and do not bother about the expense of the goods. However, if the entrepreneur wants to attract large number of customers who are economical in nature, chains of business stores like Aldi are necessary. In the afore-mentioned aspect, it is necessary to open chain of stores in various communities. If the entrepreneur is interested in attracting large number of customers who are cost sensitive, it is suggestible to establish chain of small stores having around 10,000 products rather than establishing a big store containing around 1,00,000 products. Establishment of chain of stores needs outlets in different communities of Melbourne. As a result, instead of a single location the entrepreneur has to search about few locations to set up the outlets of the supermarket business. As there are more than 31 communities in Greater Melbourne, it is better to select the communities to identify the locations. In the first step, it is suggestible to select Banyule, Frankston, Glen, Greater Dandenong, Hume, Kingston, Manningham, Monash, Port Philip, Melbourne and Yarra communities to set up the outlets of the supermarket. As the above locations cover almost all the area of Melbourne, it is easier in future to increase the number of outlets and transportation between them. As the stores are small, they can attract middle class and lower middle class people who are cost aware while shopping. 1 Porter's Five Forces Porter's model helps in analyzing threats and opportunities in the business environment faced by the industry. As different industries sustain different levels of profitability, structure of industry explains the difference and maximizing the profitability. 2 The following is the

Past exam papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Past exam papers - Essay Example As such, amount of firm effort is determined by market, not an entrepreneur. The market determines the level of effort needed in an enterprise and, therefore, the quality and determination of the person operating a business is affected by the effort observed. If the entrepreneur realizes that putting much effort will result into more output, then they will design a manager contract that requires the manager to be energetic and put more effort. If the effort is not much needed, then the entrepreneur will design the contract, which puts less pressure on the manager. a) Fair insurance has zero net payoff, that is, the total amount of premium, which is paid by the client, is equated to the expected value of compensation that would be received. A full insurance pays compensates the insured with a payment that is equal to the harm which is caused by the risk insured against, that is, it leaves the insured as well off as they would have been if the risk insured against did not occur. b) Full and fair insurance is given only in the event that the insured knows the degree of their risk. Both low and high-risk person knows whether the insurance is fair by comparing the level of their risk with the premium charged and the amount of compensation expected. c) Equilibrium occurs when the insured person and the insurance companies have the same information regarding the risk to be insured. When an insurance company fully understand the extent to which the client is exposed to the risk and the insured understands the extent to which the insurance company will cover him/her if the risk occurs. a) The EUT holds that after satisfaction of certain axioms, the subjected value that is associated with the gamble will be equal to the expected outcome valuation. The independence axiom regards well defined preferences and makes the assumption that when two gambles are

Physician-assited suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physician-assited suicide - Essay Example As a treatment of last resort, physician-assisted death becomes a legitimate option only after standard measures for comfort care have been found unsatisfactory by competent patients in the context of their own situation and values (Quill, 1993). In the cases of Vacco v Quill and Washington v Glucksberg, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that there is no constitutionally protected right to physician-assisted suicide, its decision clearly endorsed the use of intensive palliative care and seemed to give a green light to experimentation at the state level so that this "earnest and profound debate" can continue (Burt, 1997). The injury suffered by actor Christopher Reeve (Reeve, 1998) and his response to his condition has been the subject of numerous news stories. The public sees a man who previously enjoyed a physically active lifestyle, but who now relies on a respirator to breathe, and on other people to provide for his every physical need. Rick Hansen (Hansen,1987) and Teny Fox (Scrivener, 1981) are examples of people who have not only contributed to the society in significant ways, but who have also captured the imagination of the public in their courageous journeys to help others suffering from spinal cord injuries and cancer respectively. The actions of Dr. Jack Kevorkian (Pfeifer, Brigham & Robinson, 1996), a doctor committed to aiding the terminally ill in their quest for death, continually places this issue about the value of life before the public and the courts in the United States. Flach (1988) defines mental health in terms of resilience. He proposes that when we experience disruption in our lives, it is through resilience that we are able to move through our experiences in good mental health. He argues that it is how well we are able to integrate each new experience and circumstance into our lives that leads to successful adaptation throughout our lives. In her book,

Post War Developments of Pop Art and Consumerism

Post War Developments of Pop Art and Consumerism What were the most significant changes in consumer behaviour in America after 1945? In what ways did these changes have an impact on the production of art? INTRODUCTION The purpose of this essay is to outline the ways in which consumer behaviour changed in the United States after 1945, and the ways in which the production, and the content, of art reflected these times. These were the years following the Second World War, and advances in technology made during the war were now being used to change the ordinary way of life of American citizens during the new time of peace. National wealth had increased, and the population was very much looking to the future, which seemed more affluent, easier and more convenient than ever before. Buying and spending quickly became the main cultural preoccupation as corporations made use of war-time technology to bring consumers the products of the future today: television, processed food, vacuum cleaners, synthetic fabrics, and Tupperware. (www.ucalgary.ca) In this essay I will show how Pop Art developed in America, and how these newly fashionable artists drew on the consumerist culture of the time to create a kind of art that had not been seen before. CONSUMERISM IN POST-WAR AMERICA In postwar America, the public became more brand-conscious – advertising became much more advanced and was seen as crucial to business, and branding and company logos were part of the everyday landscape. There were technical devlopments in photography, broadcasting and the inventionof television. Sociology in the US was now more concerned with the masses, and pop art identified with this. (Alloway:1974:5) In 1960 the General Motors Corporation spent $66.3 million on advertising, the most of any corporation in that year, but in 1968 Proctor Gamble took the lead at $196.3 million a 200% increase in the top advertising budget in only eight years. Likewise, the advertising revenues for magazines between 1958 and 1968 increased 150%, while the advertising revenues for television in the same period rose nearly 250%. (www.ucalgary.ca) Lifestyle advertising was conceived – instead of pre-war adverts which would have simply described the product and what it literally did, now advertisers wanted to make people think that if they bought a certain product it would be central in changing their life, making them better, happier, more successful. Advertisements promise such abstract desires as beauty, success at work, success in relationships, or the ability to be a better person physically, mentally, and socially. Social historian Christin Mamiya has argued that the changes brought  about in America by the increased industrialisation and urbanisation were those that made the public more susceptible to the media’s influence: In the alienation and non-communal world of urban society it became increasingly important to rely on outward appearances to define self-worth and success, the tools of which advertising provided. (www.ucalgary.ca) John F. Kennedy, elected as President in 1960, fully endorsed the new consumerist ethic through his policy. Kennedy’s government followed the work of British economist John Maynard Keynes, who in earlier decades had written that the key to a nation’s collective wealth lay in the individual spending of individuals. The more money citizens spent, the greater the national wealth would be. The Kennedy government was the first to implement this theory into both domestic and foreign economic policies, thereby officially endorsing and promoting mass production, mass distribution, advertising, and inadvertently, the idea of keeping up with the Joneses. (www.ucalgary.ca) As a result of the war, America felt a new patriotism which was reflected in the all-Americanness of branding products and celebrities. As the wealth of the country increased, and people were inclined to celebrate their status (personal status reflecting the greatness of the country – the American dream) and also to celebrate having life easy in comparison to the hardship and compromises of the war years, products were designed to save time and effort. Advertising was particularly aimed at women in the home – household products, food, housekeeping, clothes, also things that made bored housewives feel more glamorous. During the 2nd World War, Hollywood had also taken the idea of the movie star to another level. Celebrity-watching therefore became a more significant part of the public’s lives, and the faces of celebrities were ubiquitous. The most frequently depicted face in art during this time was that of Kennedy, as he, more than anyone, had realised early on the importance of media marketing and image-creation. The consumerist ideology was therefore perpetuated by the mass media, in radio, television, cinema and print media. POPULAR ART IN THE US This was reflected in art both in terms of the content, and the methods of production and distribution of art. Pop Art originated in New York in the late 1950’s/early ‘60s, and intentionally subverted critical ideas of what constituted ‘art.’ Household objects and celebrities faces were the subjects: Suddenly, T.V. dinners and canned spaghetti, department store dresses and blue suede shoes, tailfins and tires were the subject of paintings and sculptures gracing the window fronts of art galleries. (www.ucalgary.ca) Claes Oldenburg, Tom Wesselmann, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, and, most famously Andy Warhol were among the leading names of Pop Art. Most of the Pop Artists had previously worked in commercial advertising and printing. Printing presses were used to quickly produce hundreds of standardised images which could then be mass-distributed. Andy Warhol was one of the first to do this; instead of selling unique pieces of work for a high price, he preferred to produce multiple silk-screened copies which were sold for a low price but which together made up large profits. The ideas of mass and standardisation would be seen therefore both in the fact that one piece of art work contained dozens of cola bottles, and also that that piece was itself reproduced again and again. Therefore art became visible to greater sections of the population and to lower classes, because of its positioning – images were seen in conjunction with advertising and printed on clothing and accessories, instead of hidden away in galleries – and its content – where as traditional fine or ‘high’ art requires some academic learning for the viewer to know the correct ways of appreciating it, tins of baked beans were recognisable to all and needed little interpretation. Americanness had been expressed differently in the late 40s and 50s: Abstract Expressionism is characterised by splashes and rhythms of colours across the canvas, often with no subject other than the emotion that the finished image creates in the viewer. It celebrated the individual because it was highly personal. (www.ucalgary.ca) This art was critically acclaimed, but unapproachable to much of the general public, who found it difficult to understand and doubted its artistic credibility. Pop artists reacted directly against the assumptions made by the Abstract Expressionists; they believed that art should be ‘for the people,’ and so they celebrated every-day objects in a style of art that was easily approachable. Pop Art was first seen in a particular school of thought in Britain in the mid-50’s, invented by the Independent Group. This was a group of artists and intellectuals who were fascinated by the effect that post-war American consumerism was having on British culture. Therefore they focused on the trappings of a materialist, brand-conscious culture. The objects depicted in their art were often cheap and defied traditional notions of good taste. British artist Richard Hamilton is regarded as the first to expressly define Pop Art. He characterised it as: Popular (designed for a mass audience) Transient (short-term solution) Expendable (easily-forgotten) Low Cost Mass produced Young (aimed at youth) Witty Sexy Gimmicky Glamorous Big business. (www.ucalgary.ca) It has been argued that the work of the Independent Group probably did not influence the American Pop Artists as they started creating work later in the decade. American artists would likely be unaware of this small and avante-garde movement in Britain. If this is the case, it is evidence of the widespread influence of post-war consumerism and advertising, that people on both sides of the Atlantic begun to develop similar ideas about art. Critics were deeply offended Pop Art, believing that it was of no real artistic merit. No progress was made, they argued, in the use of colour or materials, and the subject matter was frequently in bad taste or simply banal. Unlike Folk Art, pop culture is created on a huge scale to please the mainstream. It is those emblems and messages that we all understand, meaning that we have one shared culture that obliterates other more local or personal cultures. (Alloway:1974:4) But Pop Art was light-hearted, quirky and tongue-in-cheek, even blasà ©, which appealed to a nation of people who after years of war and economic depression, did not want to be too reflective or melancholy. Thus, it was oddly ambivalent. Pop Artists played to these popular needs/desires, and yet bitterly criticised them at the same time. The tone of Pop Art in general was humorous, but artists seemed to be satirising a culture that had ‘dumbed down,’ becoming obsessed with convenience, speed, instantly recognisable iconic images and brand names. For instance Rosenquist painted images of rockets alongside plates of spaghetti, to draw attention to what he saw as the absurdness of modern concerns. Lichenstein painted huge versions of cartoon strips, using the stock themes of romance and violence, and the style of using hundreds of coloured dots to make up the impression of an area of block colour, in order to show how formulaic and non-individual this popular form of art w as. Warhol criticised the mass media in his work, such as his prints of Marilyn Monroe’s face, made after she committed suicide in 1962, which echoed what Steven Madorff describes as the â€Å"repeated, endless manufacture† of the celebrity. Similarly, Warhol created a print of repeated images of a crashed car and mangled corpses, in criticism of the way he believed news reports could reduce a terrible tragedy to a single throwaway image. He produced the painting 129 Die In Jet, after an article about 129 American tourists who were killed in a plane crash over Paris-Orlis. The book draws on Susan Sonag in saying that the more you see pictures, the less real the actual event is. (Museum Ludwig Cologne:1996:474) CONCLUSION The Pop Artists made their art out of drawing attention to the consumerist nature of American culture. To Art critics dismay, household objects such as tinned food, icons of the mass media and such low art conventions such as comic book drawing now became the subjects of high art. Pop Artists had correctly identified the things that were important to the average American citizen, and the content, means of production, and location of their art all reflected this. In many ways Pop Art seemed satirical, wry and at times outright critical. The images made at this time have immortalised an image of post-war America as superficial, image-obsessed and unconcerned with any real depth or subtlety. However the means of production meant that artists were reaping the benefits of this culture. Instead of labouring over an oil painting for months, artists now could print a simple image hundreds of times – money could be made for every print sold, and also galleries would now accept paying high prices for a piece of work that had taken very little time to complete. It was as though artists were portraying Americans as ignorant and lazy, but celebrating and taking advantage of just that. References Alloway, Lawrence (1974) American Pop Art, New York: Collier. Lippard, Lucy (1966) Pop Art, London:Thames Hudson Museum Ludwig Cologne (1996) 20th Century Art, Taschen. http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/popculture/PfourT.html

triggering an eating disorder :: essays research papers

* Triggers If people are vulnerable to eating disorders, sometimes all it takes to put the ball in motion is a trigger event that they do not know how to handle. A trigger could be something as seemingly innocuous as teasing or as devastating as rape or incest. Triggers often happen at times of transition, shock, or loss where increased demands are made on people who already are unsure of their ability to meet expectations. Such triggers might include puberty starting a new school, beginning a new job, death, divorce, marriage, family problems, breakup of an important relationship, critical comments from someone important, graduation into a chaotic, competitive world, and so forth. There is some evidence to suggest that girls who achieve sexual maturity ahead of peers, with the associated development of breasts, hips, and other physical signs of womanhood, are at increased risk of becoming eating disordered. They may wrongly interpret their new curves as "being fat" and feel uncomfortable because they no longer look like peers who still have childish bodies. Wanting to take control and fix things, but not really knowing how, and under the influence of a culture that equates success and happiness with thinness, the person tackles her/his body instead of the problem at hand. Dieting, bingeing, purging, exercising, and other strange behaviors are not random craziness. They are heroic, but misguided and ineffective, attempts to take charge in a world that seems overwhelming. Sometimes people such as diabetics who must pay meticulous attention to what they eat become vulnerable to eating disorders. A certain amount of obsessiveness is necessary for health, but when the fine line is crossed, healthy obsessiveness can quickly become pathological. Perhaps the most common trigger of disordered eating is dieting. It is a bit simplistic, but nonetheless true, to say that if there were no dieting, there would be no anorexia nervosa. Neither would there be the bulimia that people create when they diet, make themselves chronically hungry, overeat in response to that hunger, and then, panicky about weight gain, vomit or otherwise purge to get rid of the calories. Feeling guilty and perhaps horrified at what they have done, they swear to "be good.

Children’s overall development needs Essay

Describe children’s overall development needs. The overall developmental needs of a child are: Physical Development, Intellectual Development, Language Development, Emotional Development and Social Development. These are all needed to make a well rounded child. Factors such as social, economic and environmental factors also affect a child positively or negatively for example a child’s emotional development may suffer due to a death or separation and so they may become angry and so will not be able to focus on school work and so their intellectual development may suffer too. The children’s overall development needs are: 1.The need for strong attachment with positive adults- Love and affection from their parents and carers is vital for their Emotional Development in order to learn to respect and trust others. 2.The need for competence and achievement- Children need a lot of opportunity to explore wide variety of experiences and interest to acquire the success and achievement to build their self esteem. 3.The need for physical activity- Children need to be active and physical exercise through physical activity for healthy muscle development in growing body. 4.The need for positive social interaction- Children need a lot of opportunity to experience positive relationships with peers outside their family such as school as well as with their family members to develop social skills. Younger children will learn through play from which they learn how to cope with others and enjoyment of sharing pleasant time with peers. These positive relationships provide them the comfort, respect, new idea and awareness of feeling. 5.The need for creative expression- Opportunities for creative expression is important to children’s intellectual and language development. Lots of opportunities help children develop the skills of expression to understanding and acceptance of themselves by speaking, writing or art. 6.The need for healthy lifestyle- Children need routine and nutritious diet in order to stay physically healthy and immune to health problems that affect negatively in all area of their developments. Read more:Â  Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors essay

science extinction essays

science extinction essays Australia has an alarming amount of endangered and extinct species compared to the rest of the world. Biologists have listed all plants and animals that they know are at risk of extinction in Australia. These are called endangered species. The list includes 10 species of fish, 12 frogs, 13 reptiles, 32 birds, 33 mammals and 209 plants. In addition, there are many more species that are listed as vulnerable and some that are classified as rare. Here is an example of an endangered species. The Dugong when fully grown is about 3m long and weighs about 295kg. It has a whale like body greyish coloured skin. The sea mammal feeds on sea grass, mainly at night. Dugongs tend to live and migrate in groups. The Dugong is found in Australia in the West Indian Ocean. There was once a colony of Dugongs in Moreton Bay in Queensland, Australia. The main reason for endangerment is they were once hunted for their oil, hide and meat. In modern times the Dugong is protected by law but only in Australia. The aborigines are still able to hunt them but only if they use traditional methods of hunting. You will not find dugongs in shark-infested waters. Sharks and humans are the only predators that we know of. This amazing sea mammal is endangered because in the 1900s sailors killed them for their meat, and then later on the dugong was killed for it's oil and hide. Many animals in Australia prior to protection laws died out completely. This is called extinction. Here is an example of an extinct species. The Thyalcine or Tasmanian Tiger, closly related to the Tasmanian Devil is listed as presumed extinct under both the Federal and State Threatened Species Protection Acts. This means Thylacine have not been officially sighted in the wild or captivity for at least 50 years. The last known record of a Thylacine is from a Tasmanian zoo, where it died in 1936. ...

the things they carried essays

the things they carried essays In the story Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong in The Things they Carried by Tim O Brian Mary Ann Bell goes from one end of the spectrum to the other. Mary Ann is brought in by her high school sweetheart, Mark Fossie. They are destined to be married and live out the rest of their lives together. In a matter of weeks she is transformed from a cute, blonde high school girl to a Mark Fossie first toys with the idea of bringing her over from Cleveland and then goes through with it. Listen, the guy sends her the money. Flies her over. This cute blonde- just a kid, just barely out of high school- she shows up with a suitcase and one of those plastic cosmetic bags. Comes right out to the boonies (pg.102). She is very young, at most seventeen years old. She is pretty and has a great personality that all the guys appreciate. She is never afraid of the unseen horrors of the war. She thirsts for knowledge Mary Ann wants to know about everything and her desire for knowledge leads her to the loners of the war, the green berets. She starts by just going out on ambush with them then it progresses more. The way she quickly fell into the habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing, cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark green bandana (pg.109). She breaks it off with Mark Fossie and doesnt want to leave the bush. She does stuff even the greenies wouldnt do. She stays with them until she eventually The greenies say shes still alive but theyve never really seen her again. She was one with the jungle. She was young and innocent then became a ferocious hunter of the jungle. She was dangerous. She was ready for the kill (pg.125). ...

Public relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public relations - Research Paper Example Effective PR is crucial in today’s culture, especially given the media saturation. Public opinion and image now account for a lot in the increasingly influential social media realm. PR is the art of making organizations look good. Professionals normally work in the background with research on public opinion, courting of journalists, and sending press releases (Gregory 2). This is done to position their employers as ethical, concerned, and positive role models. I recently talked to Tatiana Soprano, the PR manager at Ritz Carlton in Biscayne, Florida. She clarified that, while it is difficult to separate advertising from public relations, advertisers seek to sell products and PR focuses on shaping the image of that product. â€Å"Whereas marketing uses targeted communication and research to attain their desired action,† she says, â€Å"PR professionals seek to get unpaid for publicity in the media†. By cultivating relationships with journalists and reporters, PR ca n be used as an effective marketing tool although it has a disadvantage in that it does not complete the information process. This paper will cover the work of a professional PR manager and the way they handle the press. One question, which I asked Miss Tatiana, was what exactly a PR professional does. She intimated that PR professionals actually work in order to access free publicity for their client. Earlier on, this was handled by sending a press release to journalists that included information required in writing a story on the hotel in a positive way. This was easy since the local media were always looking for story ideas with a human twist in them. In this connection, the PR professional would craft a press release that would make a compelling story for the news. When she came to work at Ritz Carlton, she spent time cultivating a relationship with local journalists after seeking out those who wrote about the hotel industry. She called up some of them to discover more about wha t type of stories he or she was searching for, as well as how they preferred to receive their story pitches. A journalist is always more likely to consider a release that is timely, fresh, from a solid source, and specifically targeting their interests (Gregory 20). As PR manager, she also had to create a media kit, since journalists could request a press kit to follow up the press release. The kit is inclusive of all details that the journalist could require to understand the hotel’s business and vision. These include photos, quick facts, executive profiles and recent press releases. While in a perfect world, the hotel never makes mistakes and the media never comes asking for information, instances when they do leave Miss Tatiana and her department as the banner men at the front of the battle. She joked that all she spent her time doing was craving the attention of the media during the good times, but when things went south, she tried to escape the media as much as possible. This is where the aforementioned crisis management plan comes into play. In cases where the media misrepresents the hotel, such as when the Ritz’s rooms were claimed to be meeting points for drug lords, Tatiana used an Op-ED piece to tell the hotels side and submitted it to the newspapers. Thankfully, her contacts ran the story. â€Å"If they had failed, then I would have had to write an advertorial and pay for it,† she intimated. However, this would have made them look guilty, especially given that most papers in the region insist on titling advertorials as â€Å"Advertisements†. This led me to an important question regarding the importance of technology to PR professionals. Tatiana admits that while the email made things easy for sending releases to many journalists just by the click of a button, this had led to a rise in spam (Kitchen 43). This meant that most journalists simply clicked delete before even reading the press release. Yet another technological advance that had an impact on the profession was the web. Websites are a good way of

Inventory Management for EMC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Inventory Management for EMC - Research Paper Example Figure 1 indicates that most of the goods are work-in-progress. At the beginning of the year work-in-progress (WIP) represented approximately 39% of the goods in stock, finished goods 25, raw materials 21% and purchased parts 15%. At the end of the period they represent 36%, 28%, 19% and 17% respectively. According to Wong (2006) the first step in determining an inventory situation can be facilitated through the use of ABC analysis. This analysis determines the importance of items and the level of controls placed on them. Using the relative proportions of cost of goods sold for the company’s product line the relative proportions of the different inventory types are shown in Table 1 below. The actual raw material and purchased parts that are used to make the different products in each product line has not been identified but it shows that 37.48% are decorative hardware, 27.25% construction hardware, 25.85% Cabinet Hardware and 9.42% Fasteners. In order to improve the inventory situation at EMC the company should first apply ABC analysis. ABC analysis places emphasis on the value of inventory (Wong n.d.). Focusing on inventory with the highest value can allow companies to assign the necessary resources to achieve the optimum inventory levels and in so doing reduce inventory cost while ensuring that customers needs are met (Wong n.d.). ABC analysis when applied to EMC’s inventory situation will help the company determine the importance of items and the level of controls that should be placed on them. The majority of EMC’s inventory relates to items used in the production of decorative and construction hardware. These could be described as the A items because they are of higher value while those used in the production of cabinet hardware would be the B items, and fasteners - C items. The A items (a combination of decorative and construction hardware

Bullfighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bullfighting - Essay Example After that the local public took it as a sport and since they could not afford it, they started bullfighting on bulls and the tradition still continues. Bullfights or corrida takes place in the presence of the president and the local audience in Spain. First of all the paseillo happens in which all the participants of the bullfight introduce themselves. Two participants called alguacilillos enter the ring and ask for keys to the gate behind which are the bulls. The doors are called puerta de los toriles. When the bulls come out the main show starts. The bullfights takes place in three parts called tercios. In the first part, the bull's ability to move his head is hampered by lances used by two picadors who are riding on blindfolded horses. In the second part, three people called banderilleros make the bull chase them around and use sharp colored sticks called banderillas and stab it in the body of the bull, specifically his back. Finally the third and the last part includes the killing of the bull by the matador. In my view, this is a very cruel sport and a symbol of inhuman behavior. Usually in this sport, the bulls are made weak by putting sand bags in their backs. They are also made weak by drugging the animal or to cut the horn of the bull which hamper coordination. Sometimes the weak and placid bulls are selected for the fight so that the win is easy. The game is not only cruel for the bull, but there are other victims as well.

Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management Essay Example for Free

Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management Essay Every organization, regardless of size, has developed and implemented its own management concepts in order for it to run smoothly and accomplish the vision, goal, and objective, the company has set forth. The basic functions of management can be broken down into four different areas, allowing the organization to handle the strategic, tactical, and operational decisions (Sanjau, 2007). The four functions of management are essential to building strong teams and stronger organization. Common to all managers, the four functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Pakhare, 2007). A good manager is able to accomplish all four functions both effectively and efficiently (Bateman Snell, 2009). At Triumph, planning is the foundation in which all management decisions regarding the company will be based upon. The management teams will utilize the planning function to assess the status of the company today, as well as in the upcoming future. Once the management team has an agreed upon plan, and the company’s mission has been established, the team must determine how the desired results will be achieved. The next objective is to establish a goal and the strategies to achieve the goals set forth. After setting the goal the next step the management team will accomplish is to create a time line to complete the objective. The organizing function for the team at Triumph is to formulate the activities, which will include the accounting department, sales department and supply chain involved in helping reach the goal that has been set forth. Once all the different departments are set, it is up to the management team to departmentalize the process and create smaller groups to achieve the goals and objectives. Once the departments create their own teams a clear organizational structure is drawn and all employees are made aware of whom they are accountable too to help reach the goal of the company. Once the departmental teams are in place, the management team can help direct, communicate, motivate and assist the staff in meeting the company’s goals and objectives. At Triumph the management team will have open discussion with departmental teams to create and build positive working environment. In this process the employees feel as though they are part of the decision making and will ultimately help the company reach the desired goals and objectives. The final stage of the four functions of management is to control or establish the performance standard of the company’s objective (Bateman Snell, 2009). In this stage management keeps a close watch to make sure that all teams are on track to complete the goals and objectives that have been set forth and within the timeline. If at this point, it appears that one of the team’s seems to be off track then management will step in and help guide or make any necessary changes. The managers at Triumph know that ignoring any of the four functions can result in the failure of the company. Without using the planning stage first to make sure that all objectives are met and then organizing the plan and leading or motivating the team will result in not obtaining the objective or goal of the company. Managers at Triumph know that the final stage of creating an effective and productive team, one must control the budget, departments and cost efficiency of the work implemented to achieve the objectives. According to Barnes (2008), â€Å"if one can master the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and coordinating of resources, their opportunities are endless†

Tiger Airways Case Study

Tiger Airways Case Study Tiger Airways is an ultra-low cost airline which commenced services on 25 March 2005. It is currently the largest low-cost airline operating out of Singapore in terms of passengers carried. In 2006, the airline flew 1.2 million passengers, a growth of 75% from the previous year. These days, the hottest news pops that Tiger Airways and Thai Airways International will form an airline based in Thailand, where Thai Airways International and Tiger Airways will own 51% and 49% respectively of the newly formed airline. Operations are expected to begin in the 1st quarter of 2011. This paper is based on this information with further discussion the business model and strategies with Tiger Airways and the whole low-cost airline industry. Question 1 a) Discuss why Tiger Airways jointly launch a low-cost airline with Thai Airways. Provide 5 (five) reasons. Tiger Airways and Thai Airways are both infusive airlines in Asia. Tiger Airways jointly launch a low-cost airline with Thai Airways can benefits both two companies to achieve a win-win situation. Tiger Airways based on Singapore, choose to co-operate with Thai Airways could further develop the international market in Asia. Thailand is one of the most famous tourist resorts in the world. Tourism is a major economic factor in Thailand, contributing an estimated 6.7% to Thailands GDP. No doubt, more and more people will choose Tiger Airways to Thailand as it price advantages. This strategic decision will attract more passengers to Tiger Airways. Compare to Jet star, Air Asia and other low-cost airlines, Tiger Airways is still smaller than its rivals. This move could increase the overall strength of the market competitiveness in Asia. Tiger Airways is all along with its low-cost airline business model from the day when it established. This is a superexcellent chance to advertise its business model and corporate image. b) Evaluate whether Tiger Airways decision in the above strategy is considered as a strategic decision. Support with 6 (six) reasons. The definition of a strategic decision is the decision that is concerned with whole environment in which the firm operates the entire resources and the people who form the company and the interface between the two. There are some characteristics/features of a strategic decision A strategic decision has a major resource proposition for an organization. The resource proposition of Tigers decision is to occupy Thailands international airlines which concerned possess a new market of Asia civil aviation. A strategic decision deal with harmonizing organizational resource capabilities with the threats and opportunities. Thai Airways used to be Tigers competitor, this decision change the competitor to its partner contains with threats and opportunities. A strategic decision deal with the range of organizational activities. Tiger Airways plans to increase its fleet to 68 by 2015 and has the same pan-Asian aspirations as its competitors through this co-operation. A strategic decision involves a change of major kind since an organization operates in ever-changing environment. Both Tiger Airways and Thai Airways are low-cost airlines. This move signified that the two companies want to through this co-operation to change the environment of Asia civil aviation. A strategic decision will involve a lot of risk. Thai Airways own 51% of the low cost airline that means they control the scales. If some contradictions between them, this decision will be a big risk for Tiger Airways. A strategic decision is consider both administrative and operational decisions. Tigers decision aim to reduce cost which co-operate with Thai Airways to achieve the airline business in Thailand through its operational decision of cost-saving actions. c) Discuss which 5 (five) macro-environment factors that will most likely affect the low-cost airline industry. Political factors are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Eg, if the government wants to increase the airport construction fees, that must can be a big challenge for the low-cost airline industry. Because it will threaten the price advantage which is the biggest advantage for low-cost airline industry compare to others. Furthermore, governments have great influence on the airport infrastructure built, foreign affairs and many other factors that will most likely affect the low-cost airline industry. Economic factors include economic growth, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how air tickets operate and make the price decisions to each low-cost airline industry company. As the low-cost airlines usually between country to country ,the exchange rates and other economic factors will direct influence the costs of goods and the supply and the price of tickets in the low-cost airline industry . Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for the low-cost airlines products and how that company operates. For example, Tiger Airways not only supply the airline services but also supply hotel booking, sightseeing tour and other services. But all these should take different social factors into account. Technological factors include technological aspects such as aerosatsystem, technology incentives and the rate of technological change in this industry. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient service level and influence strategic decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation in the low-cost airline industry. Law factors include the relevant laws affect low-cost airlines. Eg. Tiger Airway Australian only provide domestic service in Australian, because the legal rule of Australian to limit. Question 2 Based on the case study and information on the webpage (www.tigerairways.com/sg), analyze 3 (three) levels of strategy that you can identify at Tiger airways. Corporate and Business level strategy. Operational strategy. Porters Competitive Strategy Model Porter (1980) has described a category scheme consisting of three general types of strategies that are commonly used by businesses. These three generic strategies are defined along two dimensions: strategic scope and strategic strength. Strategic scope is a demand side dimension and looks at the size and composition of the market you intend to target. Strategic strength is a supply-side dimension and looks at the strength or core competency of the firm. In particular he identified two competencies that he felt were most important: product differentiation and product cost Competitive Strategies for Tiger airways In view of the above challenges, low-cost airlines must do three things to ensure their long-term survival. Cost Leadership. Tiger airways maintained a sustainable low-cost advantage over their full-service competitors. Tiger airways ensured that their costs per passenger-km continue to be 50 per cent or more below those of full-service airlines and continuing to reduce their own costs too. Differentiation Strategy. Tiger airways focused on differentiation of their product, that mean they must also offer a product with some frills, which is very highly rated by passengers in terms of value for money. They have draw lessons from the successful model by their competitors like Virgin Blue in Australia and JetBlue in the USA. Virgin Blue was the first carrier outside North America to introduce multi-channel real-time satellite TV to its flights called Live2Air. The strategies of Tiger airways are twofold to take on the legacy carriers and attract higher-yield passengers, and to add points of difference from other low-cost airlines Market Share and Market Segmentation Strategy Tiger airways ensured that on most of their routes they become the number one or number two carriers in terms of market share in Asia. This dominance, combined with their low fares, gives them a very powerful defensive position should new competitors attempt to enter, while also ensuring a strong cash-flow base on which to mount further expansion. Tiger Airways survival and success is due in no small measure to its growth strategy, which has focused on becoming dominant in most of its markets. Operational strategy As mentioned earlier, the chief difference between low cost carriers and traditional airlines fall into three groups: service savings, operational savings and overhead savings. Tiger Airways tend to focus on short haul route. To achieve the low operating costs per passenger, this type of carriers need to have as many seats on board its aircraft as possible, to fill them as much as possible, and to fly the aircraft as often as possible. Tiger Airways want to through its low cost airline affect the traditional airline hub-and-spoke networks poses interesting questions for the airlines industry and policy makers. It means choosing to perform a system of activities differently from that of traditional rivals and providing a coherent set of key activities that reinforce each other to achieve such position in a sustainable manner. Despite the challenges faced, Tigers low-cost model appears to be sustainable in Asia as it has been in the Singapore, Thailand, China and elsewhere. It has a different and substantially lower cost structure than the conventional network model, because the latter imposes higher costs on those who operate network systems. While Tigers network airlines can reduce their unit costs further, they can match those on short-haul routes. Tiger Airways competed for a part of their own traditional markets with low-cost carriers and it will increasingly generate most of their business from the denser, short-haul, inclusive tour markets and from long-haul routes. Within Asia, in South-east Asia and even in Australia, Tiger Airways cleared that low-cost airlines will become the dominant carriers in domestic and short-haul markets. It is not a passing phase. Tiger Airways was here to stay and it will dominate most of the markets they enter. Tiger Airways jointly launch a low-cost airline with Thai Airways was a example to prove. Question 3 a) Using Porters 5 (five) forces model, analyse all the forces in the low-cost airline industry. Buyer power Low-cost Airlines generally have a large number of buyers. Many of these are individual consumers purchasing flights directly from the airline, although there are B2B sales to charter companies, discounters, and similar buyers. In the low-cost carrier market, airlines are competing for the same market segment. The bargaining power of the consumers is increasing as the supply exceeds the demands. Price sensitivity is high; a result of factors such as the growth of online price comparison sites, corporate travel expense policies for business flyers such as Jetstar and Virgin Blue. The consumers are price sensitive. One of the challenges that all the low-cost Airline must face is the lack of customer loyalty in the low-cost carrier arena where passengers easily switch to airlines that offer lower fares. Buyers have no loyalty in low cost airlines such as Tiger Airways as the trip is purchased according to price. Supplier power Low-cost Airlines must enter into contracts when buying or leasing aircraft from suppliers. Breaking hose contracts can often imply a heavy financial cost. Furthermore, Boeing and Airbus effectively form a duopoly of suppliers of new jetliners, not only in the large jetliner category, with planes such as the 747 and A380 but also in small jetliner category with planes such as the 737 and A320. In the market for lower-capacity regional jets and propeller-driven aircraft, companies such as Embraer, ATR, and Bombadier are significant suppliers. The relative lack of alternative manufacturers or substitute inputs increases supplier power. Air Indias passenger fleet consists of 46 Boeing, 78 Airbus, seven ATR, and seven Bombadier planes. Southwest Airlines is the worlds largest low-cost carrier. Southwests successful business model involves not only flying multiple short, quick trips into the secondary airports of major markets but also using only one aircraft type, the Boeing 737. Suppliers offer fuel, labor, airport and security services all with changing prices. Aviation fuel is another vital input. Number of fuel suppliers is still relatively few. However, it is difficult for suppliers to forward integrate. Strategic alliance among airlines for economies size such as code sharing and economies scale such as purchase of fuel and aircraft could reduce the supplier power in some level. New entrants The economic entrance barriers to the not only low-cost airlines but also all the airlines industry is relatively high. For an entirely new company, they include the considerable up-front outlay needed to obtain planes, although this may not be an issue for an existing airline beginning to offer flights to a new country or region. Distribution is not particularly easy, as new players need to establish an online booking system, and relationships with travel agents and other sales intermediaries. It is also vital to obtain airport slots for take-off and landing. There has been a growth in air traffic over recent years which mean that congestion at airports in many countries is expected, especially the major hubs. The time slot given to an low-cost airline is important, and is something all airlines negotiate with airports. Established airlines will already hold the monopoly over slots at certain airports, making it harder for new low-cost airlines to infiltrate. This creates difficulties for a new low-cost airline aiming to negotiate prime slots at busy airports and can result in it being restricted to offering flights only at off-peak times, or having to fly to airports further away from popular destinations. This can be a deterrent to new airlines, as customers may seek more convenient alternatives. For example, in Singapore infrastructure constraints pose as a formidable entry barrier. Because of the intense price war, a new entrant will find it almost impossible to offer rates that are lower than Tiger Airways. The airline industry is highly capital intensive. New entrants are challenged by expensive aircrafts, high cost of operation and war for talents. New entrants also find it very hard to look for suitable airport as airport slots are reserved for established airlines. Substitutes Other forms of transport such as road, rail and marine travel are considered as substitutes to airline travel. Buyers take into account not only the cost of travel but also how long the journey will take on corresponding forms of transportation. In some countries, air travel makes it easier to overcome long distances and has certain benefits such as shorter travel time than rail travel, even including the time to check in. However based on the price advantages of low-cost airlines, rail and road transportation will not becomes more attractive alternatives for a majority of buyers. Furthermore, many consumers are now aware of the environmental impact of air travel, and are turning to rail travel instead. It is possible to travel around much of the world by long-distance bus or train, although levels of service vary and some border crossings may present a difficulty. Rivalry In the airline industry where the market is highly saturated, the rivalry between existing airlines is one of the strongest forces. Rivalry is increased by the presence of low-cost carriers in the market, as these companies can compete more intensely on price. Switching costs for buyers are low. Besides, existing airlines such as SIA will sometimes marketed big promotions which almost has the same price as low-cost airlines, it means that it is easy for them to change to a competitor. In terms of intra-industry competition is also high. Eg. In Asia, Tiger Airways as a new entrant poses as a threat to established low-cost carriers such as Jetstar and Virgin Blue. The competition in the budget sector is very high as all airlines has the same no frills philosophy. Price is the major differentiating factor in the low-cost carrier market, an area where Tiger Airways lead. b) Provide a conclusion and reason on the attractiveness of the low-cost airline industry. No doubt, the biggest attractiveness of low-cost airline industry is based on its great price advantage as it saves money compare to the ticket price of the traditional airways. Besides, it promotes great vacations. For example, Tiger Airways also supply Airways hotels, Travel insurance, Budget accommodation, Car hire etc. With Tiger Airways you would be thrilled because you get to have a great holiday. At the same price compare to other transports ,you do not need to worry anymore about long and tiresome journeys by bus, train or car. This would invariably involve countless days on road, living out of a suitcase and staying in uncomfortable hotels. The flight does away with all this inconvenience. Question 4 Explain value chain analysis. Based on the case and research done through the companys website, analyse the value chain of Tiger Airways. Value Chain Analysis describes the activities that take place in a business and relates them to an analysis of the competitive strength of the business. Influential work by Michael Porter suggested that the activities of a business could be grouped under two headings: (1) Primary Activities those that are directly concerned with creating and delivering a product (e.g. component assembly); (2) Support Activities, which whilst they are not directly involved in production, may increase effectiveness or efficiency (e.g. human resource management). It is rare for a business to undertake all primary and support activities. Primary Activities Primary value chain activities of Tiger Airways include: Primary Activity Description Inbound logistics Tiger Airways based on Singapore, Tiger Airways can attempt to co-operate with Airbus to lower the cost of the airplanes. It can also co-operate with food suppliers to get cheaper and more delicious. Operations Tiger Airways now operates a fleet of 19 Airbus A320-family aircraft and is committed to increasing its fleet size to 68 by December 2015. The airline operates flights to 33 destinations across 11 countries and territories in Asia and Australia from its aircraft bases in three locations Singapores Changi Airport Budget Terminal, Tullamarine Airport in Melbourne and Adelaide Airport in South Australia. Besides it has detail duties, responsibilities and specifications for every position include Flight Dispatchers, Operations Controllers, Flight Safety Manager, Pilots and Cabin Crew. Outbound logistics Tiger Airways of Singapore has agreed to open their operations in various countries. It is also stepping forward to associate with a Global Distribution System company to strengthen its ticketing system to enable travelers to access to more passengers. Marketing and sales The Company recorded an operating profit of $28.0 million and a profit for the year attributable to shareholders of the Company of $28.2 million for the financial year ended 31 March 2010. Revenues grew 28.6% to $486.2 million while operating costs grew only 7.7%, despite the 53.8% increase in passengers compared to the preceding 12 months. Growth in revenues was supported by the combination of passenger seat revenue increasing 19.6% and ancillary revenue growth of 87.4%. Ancillary revenues currently comprise 19.4% of our revenue base, an increase from 13.3% in FY2009. Management continues to be focused on optimising ancillary revenues, with initiatives such as the carriage of cargo being introduced in FY2011. During the last 12 months from 2009 to 2010 the number of passengers reached at 4,872,000 Service Besides online sales and flying services à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Tiger Airways also supply Tiger Airways hotels, Travel insurance , Budget accommodation, Car hire etc. Support Activities Support activities include: Secondary Activity Description Procurement The procurement of Tiger Airways was a low-cost carrier operates a fleet of Airbus A320s. Now Tiger Airways has a fleet of 19 Airbus A320 aircraft and it aim to increasing its fleet size to 68 by December 2015. Human Resource Management The human resource management was organized by its special department in details. Processing of Employment Pass, Airport Pass and Staff Pass Administer Staff intranet database Administer procedures for new hires and resigned employees Compiling of information for surveys requested by its special agencies. Technology Development Around 75% of Tiger Airways seat sales come from the internet, both from the public and agents, while the balance 25% comes from call centers and airport outlets. By these years ,Tiger Airways continue to develop its webs power by co-operate with Facebook, Twiter, Youtube and other media agencies . It also emphasis on advising. For example in 2005, it had an increase of more than 60% in revenue and website visits since it launched its new advertising campaign: Whats New Pussycat? Infrastructure By 16 June 2010, the biggest shareholder of Tiger Airways is Singapore Airline Limited which holds 33.55% of the company shares. Approximately, 31.8% of the companys shares are held in the hands of public. Question 5 a) Analyse at least 5 (five) common cost-cutting strategies adopted by low-cost carriers that directly affect the passengers. 1. Develop creativity. A good example to support this strategy is the invention of Boeing 737. The Boeing 737 is a short-term and lower-cost twin-engine airliner developed by U.S. which influenced the whole low cost airline in the world. With this aircraft, it can save the gas but also narrow the costing of supplier to gain the biggest benefit of airline. Southwest Airline is the biggest low-cost airline in the world which using only this aircraft type to add a batch management to get the cost-cutting. 2. Rational use of resources. The low-cost airlines usual have limit resources, however use it rational become the key to success. After 911 the airline industry in U.S. was decreased. But Southwest Airline remodeled its Boeing 737 , added six more seats to every plane and guarantee will not effect the comfortable of the passengers, which help Southwest gain the profit even the past-911 time. 3. Efficient chick in service. The low-cost airways usually provide short-term service. The fly travel time will not over 2 hours. All the passengers concerned how fast they can chick in and how long they can arrive. The same successful example of Southwest Airline proved that they only need 10-15 minutes from chick in to take off, which usually take 1 hour to do that. This action not only gains the trust of passengers but also save the time. As time is money in business, they gain the efficient cost-cutting. 4. 0 strategy. Every low-cost airline should have a self- orientation of their company. For the low-cost airlines 0 means no luxury fitment, no free-service of food, no provide of TV and ear phone ect. to make a cost-cutting. 5. Effective and efficient operation. The low-cost airlines operate many planes. The key is how to operate them efficient. The biggest successful factor of Southwest Airline is the number 11 in its cost-cutting culture as 11 means they guarantee every Boeing 737 of their airline fly 11 times per day. It gains both the passengers benefit and the max operation of their airplanes. b) Recommend at least 3 (three) future strategies that Tiger Airways could implement to maintain its low-cost strategies. Break-even. A useful method for making expense comparisons is break-even analysis. Break-even is the point at which gross profit equals expenses. In a business year, it is the time at which your sales volume has become sufficient to enable your over-all operation to start showing a profit. It is important for low-cost airlines to remember that once sales pass the break-even point, the fixed expenses percentage goes down as the sales volume goes up. Locating Reducible Expenses. The airlines profit and loss statement provides a summary of expense information and is the focal point in locating expenses that can be cut. Taking cost cutting Action. When the airlines have located a problem expense area, the next step obviously is to reduce that cost so as to increase the profit. A key to the effectiveness of your cost-cutting action is the worth of the various expenditures. As long as you know the worth of your expenditures, you can profit by making small improvements in expenses. Keep an open eye and an open mind. It is better to do a spot analysis once a month than to wait several months and then do a detailed study. Take action as soon as possible. You can refine your cost-cutting action as you go along. Conclusion The low-cost airline revolution has injected a dose of democracy into the travel world. Low-cost airlines have succeeded in taking over a large part of the market. Tiger Airways jointly launch a low-cost airline with Thai Airways provide a new opportunity, a new market and a new business model based on its successful business strategies. Moreover, Tiger Airways get ready to take off more quickly; enabling it as competitive airline to schedule more flights and provide more attractive schedules for passengers. No doubt, there is a bright future for Tiger Airway!

Octavians Journey to Become Augustus :: essays research papers

Octavian was born in Rome on September 23, 63 BC. He was given the name Gaius Octavius, however, he would not keep this name for long. His father, who shared his name, came from a respectable although undistinguished family and was governor of Macedonia. In terms of his rise to power, Octavian’s most important immediate family member was his mother, Atia, who was the niece of Julius Caesar, who would soon be Rome’s greatest and most successful general and Dictator. When Octavian was four years old, his father died so he spent most of his childhood with his stepfather Lucius Marcius Philippus. When he was 15 he was elected to the College of Pontiffs where Caesar requested that Octavius join his staff for hi campaign in Africa. Although he didn’t go to Africa with Caesar, the following year, he attempted to join Caesar in Spain to fight the forces of Pompey, however he fell ill and couldn’t go. When he finally recovered, he sailed to meet Caesar, only to be shipwrecked, however this did not stop Octavius, he traveled across hostile territory to Caesar’s camp, which greatly impressed Caesar. Octavius joined Caesar on the return home in which Caesar secretly changed his will to make Octavian his successor. On 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated, and his will revealed that Caesar had adopted his great-nephew Octavius as his son, making him the heir to the thrown. This meant that Octavian’s name was to be changed to Gaius Julius Caesar. When Octavian returned to Rome, he found it being led by Mark Antony and Aemilius Lepidus. Octavian failed to convince Marc Antony to hand over Caesar’s assets and documents, however he was recruited into the senate and when Antony left Rome to take command in northern Italy, Octavian made war on Antony who was defeated and fled to Gaul. Now the senate had lost control over Octavian who marched on Rome and forced the senate to accept him as consul. Three months later, he completely cut off the senates’ power. In 40 BC, stated by the Treaty of Brundisium. The Roman Empire was to be divided between Marc Antony and Octavian, Marc Antony taking the east and Octavian taking the west. Eventually, Octavian became angry with Antony, and read his will to the public, which promised large inheritances to his children but also said that if he die, his body be moved to Egypt.

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the world’s largest public service broadcaster that was founded in 1992 with the aim of educating, entertaining and enriching the public with information conveyed through broadcasted programs. The expansion and success of BBC can be attributed to the business-level strategies that the corporation implements from the time the company was established to present. BBC was able to incorporate strategies into its organizational culture which ensured it gained competitive advantage.The corporation gave its organization a unique identification mark that was appealing to customers when it opened stand alone stores that were highly visible, provided ample parking space and located the stores in urban areas which contain large numbers of potential customers (Hill & Gareth, 2004). Moreover, the corporation identified its customers, their needs and thus implemented strategies that were geared towards satisfying their demands. For instance the c orporation offered a wide variety of tapes a fact that ensured BBC met the desires of its customers.The corporation was also able to manage a long lasting relationship with its customers by devising a strategy that allowed customers to stay longer with the rented movies a mechanism that helped the corporation to further fulfill the needs of its customers (Hill & Gareth, 2004). Furthermore, BBC offered and enhanced superiority value to its organizational culture and reputation by employing efficient strategies which allowed customers to access the tapes easily and at a faster rate by arranging them alphabetically and separating new movie releases from the older ones.The corporation also incorporated advanced technology into its operations which allowed customers to have a comfortable and easy time while at the store, for instance the use of the laser bar-code scanner technology to access required information from the movie cassettes and customers’ ID tags thereby consuming lit tle time of customers (Hill & Gareth, 2004).Although the corporation has managed to open and successfully run BBC branches globally it was also faced with challenges that forced it to close down some of its stores this is because of the improper market research strategies the corporation implemented to learn and get acquitted with the market environment, the likes and dislikes of prospective customers. For instance BBC was forced to close down the stores it had opened up in Hong Kong and China because the profitability of the corporation was challenged by piracy which is highly ranked in China because of poor implementation of patent policies and regulations.BBC was also forced to close down the stores it had opened in Germany because the corporation was unable to fulfill the desires of the consumers that demanded provision of movies and programs which contained violence and sex rated captions in their themes, demands that were against the principles and policies of the corporation (Hill & Gareth, 2004). In 1927 the British Monarchy granted the Corporation a Royal Charter protecting it’s independence from the manipulation and influences of private and governmental sectors a fact that enables the organization to cater fully to the needs of its customers.The products and services provided by BBC are original because of the opportunity that the charter prevails of allowing the corporation to be innovative thus providing products that are of high quality. BBC is also able to easily penetrate into the global market where it widens its scope of customers and utilizes the resources prevailed to maximize its operations, performance and profitability.However, BBC must enact public value in all its operations and has no control of members appointed to run the corporation because the appointments are done by the Queen under the advice of ministers. Since it is a state corporation, BBC can not make decisions that are geared towards benefiting the organization witho ut considering the welfare of the society like private sectors do (Hill & Gareth, 2004). Word Count: 632 Reference List Hill, W. C. & Gareth, R. J. (2004). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Annual Update. 6th Ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin.