ATOM PRIOR TO 1900 essays

ATOM PRIOR TO 1900 essays In the 5th cent. B.C. the Greek philosophers Democritus and Leucippus proposed that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles they called atom, or in Greek "a-tomos". The reason why they assumed this is because nothing can come from nothing. Democritus believed that all atoms were firm and solid, but they could not all be the same. If all atoms were identical, there would be no satisfactory explanation of how they could combine to form everything in different shapes. Democritus concluded atom with these ideal qualities: invisible because of their extremely small size indivisible as their name indicates eternal because they are perfect surrounded by an empty space (to explain their movement and changes in density) having an infinite number of shapes (to explain the diversity observed in nature) Around 1803, John Dalton (1766-1844) developed the first useful atomic theory of matter. In the course of his studies on meteorology, Dalton concluded that evaporated water exists in air as an independent gas. Solid bodies can't occupy the same space at the same time, but obviously water and air could. Dalton reasoned that if the water and air were composed of discrete particles, evaporation might be viewed as a mixing of water particles with air particles. He performed a series of experiments on mixtures of gases to determine what effect properties of the individual gases had on the properties of the mixture as a whole. While trying to explain the results of those experiments, Dalton developed the hypothesis that the sizes of the particles making up different gases must be different. In 1808 Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy was published. In this book he listed the atomic weights of a number of known elements relative to the weight of hydrogen. His weights were not ent irely accurate but they form the ba ...

Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Essay Example

Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Essay Example Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Paper Douglas Mcgregor Theory X Y Paper DOUGLAS MCGREGOR FLOW PROFILE WHY NOW ? .. WORKS INTRO HIS STUDY THEORY-X THEORY-Y CONCLUSION RELEVANCE APPLICATIONS PROFILE-DOUGLAS MC GREGOR (1906-1964) He graduated Wayne State University PHD in Experimental Psychology(Harvard) He was Born Published his Theory of X Y in the book â€Å"Human Side of Enterprise† Death 1906 1932 1935 1960 1964 HIS WORKS Douglas Mc Gregor is one of the forefathers of contemporary management thinking over 50 years ago he began investigating the importance of people to business. In order to thrive an organization needs to harness the intelligence, enthusiasm and commitment of all the employees. He has worked extensively in this field and contributed through some of his works such as: 1. Human Side Of Enterprise 2. Leadership and Motivation 3. The Professional Manager (Posthumous Publication) This book had an profound influence on management practices then. In it he basically: a)Challenged the prevailing belief that workers are inherently lazy b)He formulated two models, Theory X and Theory Y, based on his examination of the way people behave at workplace. It has changed an entire concept of Organizational man and replaced it with a new paradigm that stressed human potential and emphasized human growth. This book is perhaps the clearest statement of the managerial theory that is scientific in outlook and in approach , humanistic and democratic in spirit. The most effective and the most equitable course of leadership is to satisfy the higher needs of workers on all levels the needs of self respect, initiative and recognition of competence. This book attempts to bring the needs of the business executive and the contributions of the behavioral sciences in to an applicable focus. The problems in dealing with unions of government workers. Clarifies the legal and political considerations. McGregor argued that managers operate from their personal view of how employees function. He separated managers into two groups based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. He related Theory X managers to lower order needs in the hierarchy and Theory Y managers to higher order needs. THEORY-X (AUTHORITARIAN MANAGEMENT STYLE) Human beings have an inherent dislike for work and will try to avoid it . People must be coerced controlled threatened to get the work done the average human being prefers to be directed wishes to avoid responsibility. People have relatively little ambition, want security above all. Management have the right to command and enforce obedience THEORY Y -( Participative Management Style) Assumes that people want to work and nee d managers to facilitate their activity not to control it. Control and punishment are not the only ways to make people work . The average person will take responsibility under proper conditions. The need is for â€Å"LEADERSHIP† and not â€Å"management† . X theory Demands Never asks.!! Y theory More of a Leader..! Distasteful, will avoid work whenever possible. Not ambitious, no desire for responsibility. Value Job security Dislike work Close supervision required. Work is as natural as play if conditions are in favor. Average person accepts responsibility. Values creativity Seeks chances to be creative BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS By applying the Mc Gregor’s model in to business we can: Devise a better performance management system Form and supervise effective management teams Better staff line relationships, build co-operation Cultivate an intrinsically motivating, value driven workplace. Creates employee commitment . CONCLUSION The X-Y theories express only the extreme positions between which most employees may or may not fall in to real life . In Peter Duckers words â€Å"With every passing year McGregors message becomes ever more relevant, timelier and more important.

Establishing a Supermarket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Establishing a Supermarket - Essay Example As supermarkets buy the products on large scale, they will be able to sell the products at a much lower price than their smaller counter parts by passing the savings they incur by purchasing on a large scale. However, it is important to select a high profit location. The high profit in a supermarket depends on the turnover as the supermarket concentrates on buying and selling the products in large quantities. As per the afore-mentioned aspect, either Melbourne or Sydney is suitable for establishing a supermarket or chain of supermarket stores. The study on the market opportunities in the above two cities will make an entrepreneur to decide on the location. In Melbourne, various stores and services are available in different communities. Clothing stores, baby essentials, luggage world, animals and pets, automotive and mechanical, building and construction, computers and electrical, beauty and fashion, food, liquor, and big shopping sites that offer majority of above-mentioned articles are available community wise. It is necessary to attract the customers from different communities to the new supermarket or the establishment of supermarkets in different communities is necessary. In the first type of supermarket, the new entrant has to compete with large supermarkets like Coles, Westgrath and Woolworths. There are small supermarkets like Aldi in Melbourne that compete with pertinence, though having lesser number of products than Coles, Westgrath and Woolworths. If one wants to open a big supermarket, they have to display about 1, 00,000 products on a single store and it should be spacious and needs to attract customers who spend more and do not bother about the expense of the goods. However, if the entrepreneur wants to attract large number of customers who are economical in nature, chains of business stores like Aldi are necessary. In the afore-mentioned aspect, it is necessary to open chain of stores in various communities. If the entrepreneur is interested in attracting large number of customers who are cost sensitive, it is suggestible to establish chain of small stores having around 10,000 products rather than establishing a big store containing around 1,00,000 products. Establishment of chain of stores needs outlets in different communities of Melbourne. As a result, instead of a single location the entrepreneur has to search about few locations to set up the outlets of the supermarket business. As there are more than 31 communities in Greater Melbourne, it is better to select the communities to identify the locations. In the first step, it is suggestible to select Banyule, Frankston, Glen, Greater Dandenong, Hume, Kingston, Manningham, Monash, Port Philip, Melbourne and Yarra communities to set up the outlets of the supermarket. As the above locations cover almost all the area of Melbourne, it is easier in future to increase the number of outlets and transportation between them. As the stores are small, they can attract middle class and lower middle class people who are cost aware while shopping. 1 Porter's Five Forces Porter's model helps in analyzing threats and opportunities in the business environment faced by the industry. As different industries sustain different levels of profitability, structure of industry explains the difference and maximizing the profitability. 2 The following is the

Past exam papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Past exam papers - Essay Example As such, amount of firm effort is determined by market, not an entrepreneur. The market determines the level of effort needed in an enterprise and, therefore, the quality and determination of the person operating a business is affected by the effort observed. If the entrepreneur realizes that putting much effort will result into more output, then they will design a manager contract that requires the manager to be energetic and put more effort. If the effort is not much needed, then the entrepreneur will design the contract, which puts less pressure on the manager. a) Fair insurance has zero net payoff, that is, the total amount of premium, which is paid by the client, is equated to the expected value of compensation that would be received. A full insurance pays compensates the insured with a payment that is equal to the harm which is caused by the risk insured against, that is, it leaves the insured as well off as they would have been if the risk insured against did not occur. b) Full and fair insurance is given only in the event that the insured knows the degree of their risk. Both low and high-risk person knows whether the insurance is fair by comparing the level of their risk with the premium charged and the amount of compensation expected. c) Equilibrium occurs when the insured person and the insurance companies have the same information regarding the risk to be insured. When an insurance company fully understand the extent to which the client is exposed to the risk and the insured understands the extent to which the insurance company will cover him/her if the risk occurs. a) The EUT holds that after satisfaction of certain axioms, the subjected value that is associated with the gamble will be equal to the expected outcome valuation. The independence axiom regards well defined preferences and makes the assumption that when two gambles are

Physician-assited suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physician-assited suicide - Essay Example As a treatment of last resort, physician-assisted death becomes a legitimate option only after standard measures for comfort care have been found unsatisfactory by competent patients in the context of their own situation and values (Quill, 1993). In the cases of Vacco v Quill and Washington v Glucksberg, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that there is no constitutionally protected right to physician-assisted suicide, its decision clearly endorsed the use of intensive palliative care and seemed to give a green light to experimentation at the state level so that this "earnest and profound debate" can continue (Burt, 1997). The injury suffered by actor Christopher Reeve (Reeve, 1998) and his response to his condition has been the subject of numerous news stories. The public sees a man who previously enjoyed a physically active lifestyle, but who now relies on a respirator to breathe, and on other people to provide for his every physical need. Rick Hansen (Hansen,1987) and Teny Fox (Scrivener, 1981) are examples of people who have not only contributed to the society in significant ways, but who have also captured the imagination of the public in their courageous journeys to help others suffering from spinal cord injuries and cancer respectively. The actions of Dr. Jack Kevorkian (Pfeifer, Brigham & Robinson, 1996), a doctor committed to aiding the terminally ill in their quest for death, continually places this issue about the value of life before the public and the courts in the United States. Flach (1988) defines mental health in terms of resilience. He proposes that when we experience disruption in our lives, it is through resilience that we are able to move through our experiences in good mental health. He argues that it is how well we are able to integrate each new experience and circumstance into our lives that leads to successful adaptation throughout our lives. In her book,

Post War Developments of Pop Art and Consumerism

Post War Developments of Pop Art and Consumerism What were the most significant changes in consumer behaviour in America after 1945? In what ways did these changes have an impact on the production of art? INTRODUCTION The purpose of this essay is to outline the ways in which consumer behaviour changed in the United States after 1945, and the ways in which the production, and the content, of art reflected these times. These were the years following the Second World War, and advances in technology made during the war were now being used to change the ordinary way of life of American citizens during the new time of peace. National wealth had increased, and the population was very much looking to the future, which seemed more affluent, easier and more convenient than ever before. Buying and spending quickly became the main cultural preoccupation as corporations made use of war-time technology to bring consumers the products of the future today: television, processed food, vacuum cleaners, synthetic fabrics, and Tupperware. (www.ucalgary.ca) In this essay I will show how Pop Art developed in America, and how these newly fashionable artists drew on the consumerist culture of the time to create a kind of art that had not been seen before. CONSUMERISM IN POST-WAR AMERICA In postwar America, the public became more brand-conscious – advertising became much more advanced and was seen as crucial to business, and branding and company logos were part of the everyday landscape. There were technical devlopments in photography, broadcasting and the inventionof television. Sociology in the US was now more concerned with the masses, and pop art identified with this. (Alloway:1974:5) In 1960 the General Motors Corporation spent $66.3 million on advertising, the most of any corporation in that year, but in 1968 Proctor Gamble took the lead at $196.3 million a 200% increase in the top advertising budget in only eight years. Likewise, the advertising revenues for magazines between 1958 and 1968 increased 150%, while the advertising revenues for television in the same period rose nearly 250%. (www.ucalgary.ca) Lifestyle advertising was conceived – instead of pre-war adverts which would have simply described the product and what it literally did, now advertisers wanted to make people think that if they bought a certain product it would be central in changing their life, making them better, happier, more successful. Advertisements promise such abstract desires as beauty, success at work, success in relationships, or the ability to be a better person physically, mentally, and socially. Social historian Christin Mamiya has argued that the changes brought  about in America by the increased industrialisation and urbanisation were those that made the public more susceptible to the media’s influence: In the alienation and non-communal world of urban society it became increasingly important to rely on outward appearances to define self-worth and success, the tools of which advertising provided. (www.ucalgary.ca) John F. Kennedy, elected as President in 1960, fully endorsed the new consumerist ethic through his policy. Kennedy’s government followed the work of British economist John Maynard Keynes, who in earlier decades had written that the key to a nation’s collective wealth lay in the individual spending of individuals. The more money citizens spent, the greater the national wealth would be. The Kennedy government was the first to implement this theory into both domestic and foreign economic policies, thereby officially endorsing and promoting mass production, mass distribution, advertising, and inadvertently, the idea of keeping up with the Joneses. (www.ucalgary.ca) As a result of the war, America felt a new patriotism which was reflected in the all-Americanness of branding products and celebrities. As the wealth of the country increased, and people were inclined to celebrate their status (personal status reflecting the greatness of the country – the American dream) and also to celebrate having life easy in comparison to the hardship and compromises of the war years, products were designed to save time and effort. Advertising was particularly aimed at women in the home – household products, food, housekeeping, clothes, also things that made bored housewives feel more glamorous. During the 2nd World War, Hollywood had also taken the idea of the movie star to another level. Celebrity-watching therefore became a more significant part of the public’s lives, and the faces of celebrities were ubiquitous. The most frequently depicted face in art during this time was that of Kennedy, as he, more than anyone, had realised early on the importance of media marketing and image-creation. The consumerist ideology was therefore perpetuated by the mass media, in radio, television, cinema and print media. POPULAR ART IN THE US This was reflected in art both in terms of the content, and the methods of production and distribution of art. Pop Art originated in New York in the late 1950’s/early ‘60s, and intentionally subverted critical ideas of what constituted ‘art.’ Household objects and celebrities faces were the subjects: Suddenly, T.V. dinners and canned spaghetti, department store dresses and blue suede shoes, tailfins and tires were the subject of paintings and sculptures gracing the window fronts of art galleries. (www.ucalgary.ca) Claes Oldenburg, Tom Wesselmann, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, and, most famously Andy Warhol were among the leading names of Pop Art. Most of the Pop Artists had previously worked in commercial advertising and printing. Printing presses were used to quickly produce hundreds of standardised images which could then be mass-distributed. Andy Warhol was one of the first to do this; instead of selling unique pieces of work for a high price, he preferred to produce multiple silk-screened copies which were sold for a low price but which together made up large profits. The ideas of mass and standardisation would be seen therefore both in the fact that one piece of art work contained dozens of cola bottles, and also that that piece was itself reproduced again and again. Therefore art became visible to greater sections of the population and to lower classes, because of its positioning – images were seen in conjunction with advertising and printed on clothing and accessories, instead of hidden away in galleries – and its content – where as traditional fine or ‘high’ art requires some academic learning for the viewer to know the correct ways of appreciating it, tins of baked beans were recognisable to all and needed little interpretation. Americanness had been expressed differently in the late 40s and 50s: Abstract Expressionism is characterised by splashes and rhythms of colours across the canvas, often with no subject other than the emotion that the finished image creates in the viewer. It celebrated the individual because it was highly personal. (www.ucalgary.ca) This art was critically acclaimed, but unapproachable to much of the general public, who found it difficult to understand and doubted its artistic credibility. Pop artists reacted directly against the assumptions made by the Abstract Expressionists; they believed that art should be ‘for the people,’ and so they celebrated every-day objects in a style of art that was easily approachable. Pop Art was first seen in a particular school of thought in Britain in the mid-50’s, invented by the Independent Group. This was a group of artists and intellectuals who were fascinated by the effect that post-war American consumerism was having on British culture. Therefore they focused on the trappings of a materialist, brand-conscious culture. The objects depicted in their art were often cheap and defied traditional notions of good taste. British artist Richard Hamilton is regarded as the first to expressly define Pop Art. He characterised it as: Popular (designed for a mass audience) Transient (short-term solution) Expendable (easily-forgotten) Low Cost Mass produced Young (aimed at youth) Witty Sexy Gimmicky Glamorous Big business. (www.ucalgary.ca) It has been argued that the work of the Independent Group probably did not influence the American Pop Artists as they started creating work later in the decade. American artists would likely be unaware of this small and avante-garde movement in Britain. If this is the case, it is evidence of the widespread influence of post-war consumerism and advertising, that people on both sides of the Atlantic begun to develop similar ideas about art. Critics were deeply offended Pop Art, believing that it was of no real artistic merit. No progress was made, they argued, in the use of colour or materials, and the subject matter was frequently in bad taste or simply banal. Unlike Folk Art, pop culture is created on a huge scale to please the mainstream. It is those emblems and messages that we all understand, meaning that we have one shared culture that obliterates other more local or personal cultures. (Alloway:1974:4) But Pop Art was light-hearted, quirky and tongue-in-cheek, even blasà ©, which appealed to a nation of people who after years of war and economic depression, did not want to be too reflective or melancholy. Thus, it was oddly ambivalent. Pop Artists played to these popular needs/desires, and yet bitterly criticised them at the same time. The tone of Pop Art in general was humorous, but artists seemed to be satirising a culture that had ‘dumbed down,’ becoming obsessed with convenience, speed, instantly recognisable iconic images and brand names. For instance Rosenquist painted images of rockets alongside plates of spaghetti, to draw attention to what he saw as the absurdness of modern concerns. Lichenstein painted huge versions of cartoon strips, using the stock themes of romance and violence, and the style of using hundreds of coloured dots to make up the impression of an area of block colour, in order to show how formulaic and non-individual this popular form of art w as. Warhol criticised the mass media in his work, such as his prints of Marilyn Monroe’s face, made after she committed suicide in 1962, which echoed what Steven Madorff describes as the â€Å"repeated, endless manufacture† of the celebrity. Similarly, Warhol created a print of repeated images of a crashed car and mangled corpses, in criticism of the way he believed news reports could reduce a terrible tragedy to a single throwaway image. He produced the painting 129 Die In Jet, after an article about 129 American tourists who were killed in a plane crash over Paris-Orlis. The book draws on Susan Sonag in saying that the more you see pictures, the less real the actual event is. (Museum Ludwig Cologne:1996:474) CONCLUSION The Pop Artists made their art out of drawing attention to the consumerist nature of American culture. To Art critics dismay, household objects such as tinned food, icons of the mass media and such low art conventions such as comic book drawing now became the subjects of high art. Pop Artists had correctly identified the things that were important to the average American citizen, and the content, means of production, and location of their art all reflected this. In many ways Pop Art seemed satirical, wry and at times outright critical. The images made at this time have immortalised an image of post-war America as superficial, image-obsessed and unconcerned with any real depth or subtlety. However the means of production meant that artists were reaping the benefits of this culture. Instead of labouring over an oil painting for months, artists now could print a simple image hundreds of times – money could be made for every print sold, and also galleries would now accept paying high prices for a piece of work that had taken very little time to complete. It was as though artists were portraying Americans as ignorant and lazy, but celebrating and taking advantage of just that. References Alloway, Lawrence (1974) American Pop Art, New York: Collier. Lippard, Lucy (1966) Pop Art, London:Thames Hudson Museum Ludwig Cologne (1996) 20th Century Art, Taschen. http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/popculture/PfourT.html

triggering an eating disorder :: essays research papers

* Triggers If people are vulnerable to eating disorders, sometimes all it takes to put the ball in motion is a trigger event that they do not know how to handle. A trigger could be something as seemingly innocuous as teasing or as devastating as rape or incest. Triggers often happen at times of transition, shock, or loss where increased demands are made on people who already are unsure of their ability to meet expectations. Such triggers might include puberty starting a new school, beginning a new job, death, divorce, marriage, family problems, breakup of an important relationship, critical comments from someone important, graduation into a chaotic, competitive world, and so forth. There is some evidence to suggest that girls who achieve sexual maturity ahead of peers, with the associated development of breasts, hips, and other physical signs of womanhood, are at increased risk of becoming eating disordered. They may wrongly interpret their new curves as "being fat" and feel uncomfortable because they no longer look like peers who still have childish bodies. Wanting to take control and fix things, but not really knowing how, and under the influence of a culture that equates success and happiness with thinness, the person tackles her/his body instead of the problem at hand. Dieting, bingeing, purging, exercising, and other strange behaviors are not random craziness. They are heroic, but misguided and ineffective, attempts to take charge in a world that seems overwhelming. Sometimes people such as diabetics who must pay meticulous attention to what they eat become vulnerable to eating disorders. A certain amount of obsessiveness is necessary for health, but when the fine line is crossed, healthy obsessiveness can quickly become pathological. Perhaps the most common trigger of disordered eating is dieting. It is a bit simplistic, but nonetheless true, to say that if there were no dieting, there would be no anorexia nervosa. Neither would there be the bulimia that people create when they diet, make themselves chronically hungry, overeat in response to that hunger, and then, panicky about weight gain, vomit or otherwise purge to get rid of the calories. Feeling guilty and perhaps horrified at what they have done, they swear to "be good.

Children’s overall development needs Essay

Describe children’s overall development needs. The overall developmental needs of a child are: Physical Development, Intellectual Development, Language Development, Emotional Development and Social Development. These are all needed to make a well rounded child. Factors such as social, economic and environmental factors also affect a child positively or negatively for example a child’s emotional development may suffer due to a death or separation and so they may become angry and so will not be able to focus on school work and so their intellectual development may suffer too. The children’s overall development needs are: 1.The need for strong attachment with positive adults- Love and affection from their parents and carers is vital for their Emotional Development in order to learn to respect and trust others. 2.The need for competence and achievement- Children need a lot of opportunity to explore wide variety of experiences and interest to acquire the success and achievement to build their self esteem. 3.The need for physical activity- Children need to be active and physical exercise through physical activity for healthy muscle development in growing body. 4.The need for positive social interaction- Children need a lot of opportunity to experience positive relationships with peers outside their family such as school as well as with their family members to develop social skills. Younger children will learn through play from which they learn how to cope with others and enjoyment of sharing pleasant time with peers. These positive relationships provide them the comfort, respect, new idea and awareness of feeling. 5.The need for creative expression- Opportunities for creative expression is important to children’s intellectual and language development. Lots of opportunities help children develop the skills of expression to understanding and acceptance of themselves by speaking, writing or art. 6.The need for healthy lifestyle- Children need routine and nutritious diet in order to stay physically healthy and immune to health problems that affect negatively in all area of their developments. Read more:Â  Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors essay

science extinction essays

science extinction essays Australia has an alarming amount of endangered and extinct species compared to the rest of the world. Biologists have listed all plants and animals that they know are at risk of extinction in Australia. These are called endangered species. The list includes 10 species of fish, 12 frogs, 13 reptiles, 32 birds, 33 mammals and 209 plants. In addition, there are many more species that are listed as vulnerable and some that are classified as rare. Here is an example of an endangered species. The Dugong when fully grown is about 3m long and weighs about 295kg. It has a whale like body greyish coloured skin. The sea mammal feeds on sea grass, mainly at night. Dugongs tend to live and migrate in groups. The Dugong is found in Australia in the West Indian Ocean. There was once a colony of Dugongs in Moreton Bay in Queensland, Australia. The main reason for endangerment is they were once hunted for their oil, hide and meat. In modern times the Dugong is protected by law but only in Australia. The aborigines are still able to hunt them but only if they use traditional methods of hunting. You will not find dugongs in shark-infested waters. Sharks and humans are the only predators that we know of. This amazing sea mammal is endangered because in the 1900s sailors killed them for their meat, and then later on the dugong was killed for it's oil and hide. Many animals in Australia prior to protection laws died out completely. This is called extinction. Here is an example of an extinct species. The Thyalcine or Tasmanian Tiger, closly related to the Tasmanian Devil is listed as presumed extinct under both the Federal and State Threatened Species Protection Acts. This means Thylacine have not been officially sighted in the wild or captivity for at least 50 years. The last known record of a Thylacine is from a Tasmanian zoo, where it died in 1936. ...

the things they carried essays

the things they carried essays In the story Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong in The Things they Carried by Tim O Brian Mary Ann Bell goes from one end of the spectrum to the other. Mary Ann is brought in by her high school sweetheart, Mark Fossie. They are destined to be married and live out the rest of their lives together. In a matter of weeks she is transformed from a cute, blonde high school girl to a Mark Fossie first toys with the idea of bringing her over from Cleveland and then goes through with it. Listen, the guy sends her the money. Flies her over. This cute blonde- just a kid, just barely out of high school- she shows up with a suitcase and one of those plastic cosmetic bags. Comes right out to the boonies (pg.102). She is very young, at most seventeen years old. She is pretty and has a great personality that all the guys appreciate. She is never afraid of the unseen horrors of the war. She thirsts for knowledge Mary Ann wants to know about everything and her desire for knowledge leads her to the loners of the war, the green berets. She starts by just going out on ambush with them then it progresses more. The way she quickly fell into the habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing, cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark green bandana (pg.109). She breaks it off with Mark Fossie and doesnt want to leave the bush. She does stuff even the greenies wouldnt do. She stays with them until she eventually The greenies say shes still alive but theyve never really seen her again. She was one with the jungle. She was young and innocent then became a ferocious hunter of the jungle. She was dangerous. She was ready for the kill (pg.125). ...

Public relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public relations - Research Paper Example Effective PR is crucial in today’s culture, especially given the media saturation. Public opinion and image now account for a lot in the increasingly influential social media realm. PR is the art of making organizations look good. Professionals normally work in the background with research on public opinion, courting of journalists, and sending press releases (Gregory 2). This is done to position their employers as ethical, concerned, and positive role models. I recently talked to Tatiana Soprano, the PR manager at Ritz Carlton in Biscayne, Florida. She clarified that, while it is difficult to separate advertising from public relations, advertisers seek to sell products and PR focuses on shaping the image of that product. â€Å"Whereas marketing uses targeted communication and research to attain their desired action,† she says, â€Å"PR professionals seek to get unpaid for publicity in the media†. By cultivating relationships with journalists and reporters, PR ca n be used as an effective marketing tool although it has a disadvantage in that it does not complete the information process. This paper will cover the work of a professional PR manager and the way they handle the press. One question, which I asked Miss Tatiana, was what exactly a PR professional does. She intimated that PR professionals actually work in order to access free publicity for their client. Earlier on, this was handled by sending a press release to journalists that included information required in writing a story on the hotel in a positive way. This was easy since the local media were always looking for story ideas with a human twist in them. In this connection, the PR professional would craft a press release that would make a compelling story for the news. When she came to work at Ritz Carlton, she spent time cultivating a relationship with local journalists after seeking out those who wrote about the hotel industry. She called up some of them to discover more about wha t type of stories he or she was searching for, as well as how they preferred to receive their story pitches. A journalist is always more likely to consider a release that is timely, fresh, from a solid source, and specifically targeting their interests (Gregory 20). As PR manager, she also had to create a media kit, since journalists could request a press kit to follow up the press release. The kit is inclusive of all details that the journalist could require to understand the hotel’s business and vision. These include photos, quick facts, executive profiles and recent press releases. While in a perfect world, the hotel never makes mistakes and the media never comes asking for information, instances when they do leave Miss Tatiana and her department as the banner men at the front of the battle. She joked that all she spent her time doing was craving the attention of the media during the good times, but when things went south, she tried to escape the media as much as possible. This is where the aforementioned crisis management plan comes into play. In cases where the media misrepresents the hotel, such as when the Ritz’s rooms were claimed to be meeting points for drug lords, Tatiana used an Op-ED piece to tell the hotels side and submitted it to the newspapers. Thankfully, her contacts ran the story. â€Å"If they had failed, then I would have had to write an advertorial and pay for it,† she intimated. However, this would have made them look guilty, especially given that most papers in the region insist on titling advertorials as â€Å"Advertisements†. This led me to an important question regarding the importance of technology to PR professionals. Tatiana admits that while the email made things easy for sending releases to many journalists just by the click of a button, this had led to a rise in spam (Kitchen 43). This meant that most journalists simply clicked delete before even reading the press release. Yet another technological advance that had an impact on the profession was the web. Websites are a good way of

Inventory Management for EMC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Inventory Management for EMC - Research Paper Example Figure 1 indicates that most of the goods are work-in-progress. At the beginning of the year work-in-progress (WIP) represented approximately 39% of the goods in stock, finished goods 25, raw materials 21% and purchased parts 15%. At the end of the period they represent 36%, 28%, 19% and 17% respectively. According to Wong (2006) the first step in determining an inventory situation can be facilitated through the use of ABC analysis. This analysis determines the importance of items and the level of controls placed on them. Using the relative proportions of cost of goods sold for the company’s product line the relative proportions of the different inventory types are shown in Table 1 below. The actual raw material and purchased parts that are used to make the different products in each product line has not been identified but it shows that 37.48% are decorative hardware, 27.25% construction hardware, 25.85% Cabinet Hardware and 9.42% Fasteners. In order to improve the inventory situation at EMC the company should first apply ABC analysis. ABC analysis places emphasis on the value of inventory (Wong n.d.). Focusing on inventory with the highest value can allow companies to assign the necessary resources to achieve the optimum inventory levels and in so doing reduce inventory cost while ensuring that customers needs are met (Wong n.d.). ABC analysis when applied to EMC’s inventory situation will help the company determine the importance of items and the level of controls that should be placed on them. The majority of EMC’s inventory relates to items used in the production of decorative and construction hardware. These could be described as the A items because they are of higher value while those used in the production of cabinet hardware would be the B items, and fasteners - C items. The A items (a combination of decorative and construction hardware